Mechanism of Normal Labor | NEET PG 2021 | Dr. Shonali Chandra

Introduction

This tutorial will guide you through the mechanism of normal labor, as discussed in the video by Dr. Shonali Chandra. Understanding this process is crucial for medical students preparing for the NEET PG exam. The tutorial will break down the stages of labor, key concepts, and practical tips to help you grasp this essential topic.

Step 1: Understand the Stages of Labor

Normal labor is divided into three primary stages:

1. First Stage: This stage includes the onset of labor until full dilation of the cervix.

   • Latent Phase: The cervix dilates from 0 to 3-4 cm. Contractions may be irregular.
   • Active Phase: The cervix dilates from 4 cm to 10 cm. Contractions become more regular and intense.

2. Second Stage: This is the stage of descent and delivery of the fetus.

   • Begins when the cervix is fully dilated (10 cm) and ends with the birth of the baby.

3. Third Stage: This stage involves the delivery of the placenta.

   • The placenta is expelled after the baby is born, usually within 5 to 30 minutes.

Step 2: Familiarize Yourself with the Mechanics of Labor

Key mechanics to understand include:

• Engagement: The fetal head enters the pelvic inlet.
• Descent: The fetal head moves down through the pelvis.
• Flexion: The fetal head flexes to navigate the pelvis.
• Internal Rotation: The fetal head rotates to align with the pelvis.
• Extension: The fetal head extends as it emerges.
• External Rotation: The shoulders rotate to fit through the pelvis.
• Delivery of the Shoulders and Body: The shoulders are delivered, followed by the rest of the body.

Step 3: Recognize Key Factors Affecting Labor

Several factors can influence the mechanism of labor:

• Pelvic Size and Shape: Affects the ease of fetal descent.
• Fetal Position: Ideal position is occipito-anterior for smoother delivery.
• Contraction Strength: Stronger contractions aid in effective labor progression.

Step 4: Learn Practical Tips for NEET PG Preparation

• Understand Key Terms: Familiarize yourself with terms like engagement, descent, and rotation.
• Visual Aids: Use diagrams and videos to visualize the labor stages.
• Practice Questions: Engage with practice questions specific to the mechanism of labor to test your knowledge.

Conclusion

Understanding the mechanism of normal labor is essential for medical professionals and students. This guide outlines the stages of labor, the mechanics involved, and factors influencing the process. For further preparation, consider joining online classes or study groups, and utilize resources like Unacademy for additional support. Stay organized, review regularly, and apply these concepts to excel in your NEET PG preparation.