Clifford Geertz - Abangan, Santri dan Priyayi (The Religion of Java)

Introduction

This tutorial explores Clifford Geertz's anthropological research in Java, focusing on his analysis of the three social groups in Mojokuto. Understanding these groups—Abangan, Santri, and Priyayi—provides insights into the complexities of Javanese society and its religious and cultural practices.

Step 1: Understand the Context of Geertz's Research

• Research Background: Clifford Geertz, an American anthropologist, conducted his research in Mojokuto, East Java, during the 1960s, spanning six years.
• Objective: His goal was to analyze how social structures influence religion and culture within this community.

Step 2: Identify the Three Social Groups

• Abangan:

  • Typically characterized by a more syncretic approach to Islam, incorporating local beliefs and practices.
  • Engages in cultural practices that are less orthodox.

• Santri:

  • Represents the more orthodox and devout Muslims who strictly adhere to Islamic teachings.
  • Often involved in religious education and community leadership.

• Priyayi:

  • Refers to the aristocratic class, often holding positions of power and influence in society.
  • Plays a significant role in both political and cultural realms, often acting as a bridge between the other two groups.

Step 3: Analyze the Interaction Between Groups

• Cultural Influence: Each group influences the others, shaping the overall cultural landscape of Mojokuto.
  • The Abangan might adopt some practices from the Santri, while Priyayi can affect both groups through their social status.
• Religious Practices:
  • Explore how the religious practices differ among the groups and how these differences reflect broader social dynamics.

Step 4: Explore Geertz's Methodology

• Participant Observation: Geertz immersed himself in the daily lives of the people in Mojokuto to gather firsthand accounts and insights.
• Interviews: Engaged in discussions with community members to understand their beliefs and social structures.

Step 5: Consider the Implications of Geertz's Findings

• Social Structures: Understanding these groups highlights the intricate social hierarchies and relationships that define Javanese society.
• Broader Applications: Geertz's study can serve as a model for examining other societies, illustrating how anthropological research can unveil cultural complexities.

Conclusion

Clifford Geertz's research on the Abangan, Santri, and Priyayi in Mojokuto offers valuable insights into the interplay between social structure and cultural practices in Java. By understanding these groups, we can appreciate the nuanced dynamics of Javanese society. For further exploration, consider reading Geertz’s works or researching similar anthropological studies in other cultures.