Masa Orde Baru: Tritura, Supersemar, Kebijakan Politik Dalam Negri, dan Fusi Parpol | Part 1

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the New Order era in Indonesia, focusing on key events and political policies that shaped the period. It is designed for students preparing for UTBK, SBMPTN, and SIMAK UI exams, offering concise insights into historical milestones such as Tritura, Supersemar, and the political landscape of the time.

Step 1: Understand the New Order Era

• The New Order era lasted approximately 32 years, beginning with the Supersemar (March 11, 1966) and ending with President Suharto's resignation in 1998.
• This period was characterized by significant political and economic changes in Indonesia.

Step 2: Explore Tritura

• Tritura stands for "Tiga Tuntutan Rakyat" (Three People's Demands) which emerged in 1966.
• Key demands included:
  • The dissolution of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
  • The resignation of President Sukarno.
  • The establishment of a new government that would ensure stability.
• Understanding Tritura is essential as it set the stage for the New Order's rise to power.

Step 3: Analyze the Birth of Supersemar

• Supersemar is a pivotal document that gave Suharto authority to restore order.
• It is widely regarded as a turning point that facilitated the transition from Sukarno’s Guided Democracy to Suharto’s New Order.
• Key points to note:
  • The document was issued under intense political pressure and public unrest.
  • It authorized the military to take necessary actions, leading to a crackdown on the PKI and its sympathizers.

Step 4: Identify Factors Leading to the New Order

• Various factors contributed to the establishment of the New Order:
  • Economic instability and rampant inflation in the early 1960s.
  • Widespread dissatisfaction with Sukarno's leadership.
  • The influence and support of the military in political affairs.

Step 5: Examine Domestic Political Policies

• The New Order implemented significant policies to stabilize the country, including:
  • Economic reforms aimed at attracting foreign investment and promoting development.
  • Centralization of political power under Suharto’s regime.
  • Suppression of dissent and opposition parties to maintain control.
• It’s important to analyze how these policies affected various social groups and the overall political climate.

Step 6: Understand Political Party Fusion

• Political parties during the New Order were subjected to a process of fusion:
  • This practice aimed to consolidate political power and eliminate competition.
  • The government promoted the establishment of the Golkar party as the dominant political force.
• Students should recognize how this affected democracy and political representation in Indonesia.

Step 7: Evaluate the Role of ABRI

• ABRI (Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia) played a crucial role during the New Order:
  • The military was deeply involved in both governance and socio-economic development.
  • Understanding ABRI’s dual role can provide insights into the militarization of politics in Indonesia.

Conclusion

The New Order era was a complex period marked by significant political transformations and policies that laid the groundwork for modern Indonesia. By understanding key events like Tritura and Supersemar, as well as the implications of domestic policies and party dynamics, students can better prepare for examinations. For further study, consider exploring the implications of these historical events on contemporary Indonesian politics.