Sejarah Organisasi Regional dan Global dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Bangsa Indonesia | Kelas 12

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of regional and global organizations and their impact on Indonesia, based on the video titled "Sejarah Organisasi Regional dan Global dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Bangsa Indonesia." It covers key organizations, their purposes, and the implications for Indonesia's economy and society.

Step 1: Understand Regional Political and Military Organizations

Familiarize yourself with significant regional military alliances that have shaped global politics:

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

  • Formed in 1948 by the USA, UK, and France to provide mutual military assistance.

• Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO)

  • Established in 1954, including the USA, UK, Australia, and other Southeast Asian nations, aiming to counter communism.

• Warsaw Pact

  • A military alliance of Eastern Bloc countries formed in response to NATO.

• Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)

  • Formed in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the UK for mutual defense.

• Australia, New Zealand, United States Organization (ANZUS)

  • A defense agreement reflecting Australia's shift towards US foreign policy.

Step 2: Explore Regional Economic Organizations

Gain insights into economic alliances that promote cooperation among nations:

• South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

  • Founded in 1985 to foster economic and regional integration among South Asian countries.

• Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

  • Established in 1989 to enhance economic growth and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region.

• European Economic Community (EEC)

  • Created to establish a common market among European countries, following the success of the European Coal and Steel Community.

• ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)

  • Launched in 1992 to promote free trade and enhance regional competitiveness.

• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

  • Implemented in 1994 to facilitate trade between the US, Canada, and Mexico.

• Central America Free Trade Agreement-Dominican Republic (CAFTA-DR)

  • Aimed to promote free trade among Central American countries and the Dominican Republic.

Step 3: Review Global Economic Organizations

Understand the significance of global organizations in regulating trade and resources:

• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

  • Founded in 1960 to coordinate petroleum policies among member countries and stabilize oil markets.

• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

  • Established in 1947 to set rules for international trade, effective from 1948.

• World Trade Organization (WTO)

  • Created in 1995 to oversee global trade agreements and ensure trade flows as smoothly as possible.

Step 4: Analyze the Impact on Indonesia

Consider both the positive opportunities and challenges posed by these organizations for Indonesia:

• Positive Opportunities

  • Economic growth and development.
  • Increased national income.
  • Job creation and enhanced product quality.
  • Greater access to foreign capital and encouragement of creativity.

• Challenges

  • Readiness of human resources and infrastructure.
  • Vulnerability of small and medium enterprises to competition.
  • Environmental concerns and resource exploitation.
  • Nationalism and protection of marginalized populations.

Conclusion

This tutorial outlines the historical context and significance of various regional and global organizations, focusing on their implications for Indonesia. Understanding these dynamics can help you appreciate the complexities of international relations and economic cooperation. As a next step, consider exploring specific case studies of how these organizations have influenced Indonesian policies or economic outcomes.