🌎 Leçon n°002 CALCUL DES STRUCTURES À LA MAIN D'UN APPARTEMENT R+10 I CHAP I ETUDE DE LA DALLE

Introduction

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide on calculating structural elements for a 10-story apartment building (R+10) focusing on slab study. It is designed for civil engineering students and professionals looking to deepen their understanding of manual structural calculations.

Step 1: Understanding the Basics of Structural Calculation

• Familiarize yourself with the fundamental concepts of structural engineering, including:
  • Load types: dead loads, live loads, and environmental loads (wind, seismic).
  • Material properties: understanding the behavior of reinforced concrete and steel.
• Study the relevant design codes and standards applicable to your region.

Step 2: Analyzing the Slab

• Identify the type of slab used in the design (one-way or two-way).
• Determine the dimensions and thickness of the slab based on architectural drawings.
• Calculate the slab's self-weight using the formula:
  • Self-weight = thickness (m) × density of concrete (kg/m³).

Step 3: Load Calculation

• Calculate the total loads acting on the slab:
  • Dead loads: Include the weight of the slab itself and any fixed installations.
  • Live loads: Based on usage, such as residential or commercial occupancy.
• Combine the loads considering factors such as:
  • Load combinations as per design codes (e.g., factored load combinations).

Step 4: Bending Moment and Shear Force Analysis

• Use the appropriate formulas to calculate the bending moments and shear forces for the slab:
  • For one-way slabs, use the moment distribution method.
  • For two-way slabs, apply the coefficient method or yield line theory.
• Determine maximum bending moments and shear forces at critical sections.

Step 5: Reinforcement Design

• Select appropriate reinforcement based on the calculated moments and shear forces:
  • Determine the area of steel required using:
    • ( A_{s} = \frac{M}{f_{y} \cdot d} ) for bending.
    • ( A_{s} = \frac{V}{\tau_{c}} ) for shear.
• Choose the type and spacing of reinforcement bars (e.g., T16, T12) to satisfy the design requirements.

Step 6: Detailing the Slab

• Create detailed drawings indicating:
  • The layout of reinforcement.
  • Clear cover requirements as per standards.
  • Connection details with other structural elements (beams, columns).
• Ensure compliance with construction practices and standards.

Conclusion

This tutorial outlines the essential steps for conducting manual structural calculations for a slab in a multi-story building. By thoroughly understanding each step from load analysis to reinforcement design, you can ensure the structural integrity and safety of your designs. As a next step, consider exploring software tools for structural analysis to complement manual calculations.