BIOLOGI IPA - Faktor-faktor Pertumbuhan & Perkembangan Tumbuhan | GIA Academy

Introduction

This tutorial explores the factors influencing the growth and development of plants, based on the video from GIA Academy. Understanding these factors is essential for anyone interested in biology, horticulture, or agriculture. We will cover both internal and external factors that play a critical role in plant development.

Step 1: Understand Internal Factors

Internal factors are intrinsic elements that affect plant growth and development.

Key Internal Factors

1. Genes

   • Determine plant characteristics and growth patterns.
   • Influence traits like size, shape, and resistance to diseases.

2. Hormones

   • Plant hormones regulate various aspects of growth. Key hormones include:
     • Auxin: Promotes cell elongation and root growth.
     • Gibberellin: Stimulates stem elongation and seed germination.
     • Cytokinin: Encourages cell division and growth in roots and shoots.
     • Ethylene Gas: Regulates fruit ripening and leaf fall.
     • Abscisic Acid: Involved in stress responses and seed dormancy.
     • Salicylic Acid: Plays a role in plant defense mechanisms.
     • Traumatic Acid: Involved in plant responses to injury.
     • Jasmonate: Important for defense against pests and stress.

Step 2: Explore External Factors

External factors are environmental elements that significantly influence plant growth.

Key External Factors

1. Sunlight

   • Essential for photosynthesis, which provides energy for growth.
   • Different plants require varying amounts of light.

2. Water

   • Critical for nutrient transport and biochemical processes.
   • Over or under-watering can lead to plant stress or death.

3. Temperature

   • Affects metabolic rates and overall growth.
   • Each plant species has an optimal temperature range.

4. Humidity

   • Influences transpiration rates and nutrient uptake.
   • High humidity can lead to fungal diseases.

5. Nutrients

   • Essential minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are vital for growth.
   • Soil quality and fertilization practices impact nutrient availability.

Conclusion

Understanding the factors that influence plant growth and development is crucial for successful gardening and agricultural practices. By considering both internal factors, like genes and hormones, and external factors, such as sunlight and water, you can create optimal conditions for plant health. As a next step, consider experimenting with different environmental conditions for various plants to observe their growth responses.