PLANTA GEORREFERENCIADA para Licenciamento no QGIS do ZERO

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide on creating georeferenced maps for environmental licensing using QGIS. It covers essential functions and steps to produce accurate topographic maps, which are vital for various environmental processes in Brazil. By following these instructions, you'll gain practical skills to navigate QGIS effectively and create professional-quality georeferenced documents.

Step 1: Selecting the Appropriate SRC

• Open QGIS and create a new project.
• Go to the Project Properties and select the Coordinate Reference System (CRS) that fits your geographical area.
• Make sure to set the CRS before starting your work to ensure accuracy.

Step 2: Adding KML Files

• Click on Layer > Add Layer > Add Vector Layer.
• Select the KML file you want to import.
• Ensure the imported data aligns correctly with your project’s CRS.

Step 3: Activating Necessary Panels

• Navigate to the View menu.
• Select Panels and enable the panels you need, such as Layers and Browser.

Step 4: Installing Plugins

• Go to Plugins > Manage and Install Plugins.
• Search for useful plugins that can enhance your project, like the QuickMapServices for background maps.
• Install the selected plugins.

Step 5: Adding a Background Map

• Use the QuickMapServices plugin to add a base map.
• Choose a suitable map layer (e.g., OpenStreetMap) for reference.

Step 6: Creating a New Layer

• Click on Layer > Create Layer > New Shapefile Layer.
• Define the geometry type (point, line, polygon) and add relevant fields to the attribute table.

Step 7: Advanced Digitizing Tools

• Use the Advanced Digitizing Toolbar to create precise features.
• Enable snapping options for accuracy while drawing.

Step 8: Importing Data from Excel

• Prepare your Excel file with the necessary data.
• Click on Layer > Add Layer > Add Delimited Text Layer and select your Excel file.
• Ensure that the coordinate fields are correctly mapped.

Step 9: Updating Attribute Tables

• Right-click on your layer and select Open Attribute Table.
• Use the editing mode to update or add new attributes as needed.

Step 10: Using the Snapping Tool

• Activate the Snapping Toolbar to assist with precise line and polygon creation.
• Adjust snapping settings to ensure that features snap to each other correctly.

Step 11: Styling Your Layer

• Right-click on the layer and select Properties.
• Go to the Symbology tab and choose the style that best represents your data.

Step 12: Copying Layer Styles

• To copy style from one layer to another, right-click the layer, select Copy Style, and then Paste Style on the target layer.

Step 13: Measuring Areas

• Use the Measure Tool to calculate areas directly on the map.
• Select the desired geometry to see the area measurements.

Step 14: Modifying the Attribute Table

• Add a new column by entering the Field Calculator in the attribute table’s edit mode.
• Define the new field’s name, type, and calculation formula if necessary.

Step 15: Exporting Features

• Right-click on the layer and select Export > Save Features As.
• Choose the format (e.g., Shapefile) and save the output.

Step 16: Extracting Point Coordinates

• Use the Geometry Tools to extract coordinates from selected points.
• Save these coordinates for further analysis if needed.

Step 17: Simple Labeling

• Select your layer and go to Properties > Labels.
• Choose the field you want to use for labeling and customize the appearance.

Step 18: Editing Polygon Nodes

• Use the Vertex Tool to select and edit the nodes of polygons for adjustments.

Step 19: Setting Up the Print Layout

• Go to Project > New Print Layout.
• Add your map to the layout and adjust the size and position.

Step 20: Configuring Scale and Grid

• In the Print Layout, set the scale for your map.
• Add a grid for better reference if needed.

Step 21: Adding Map Elements

• Include elements such as titles, north arrows, scale bars, and legends from the Add Item menu.

Step 22: Finalizing and Exporting the Map

• Review your layout for completeness.
• Export your map by going to Layout > Export as PDF for printing or sharing.

Conclusion

By following these steps, you’ll be equipped to create georeferenced maps in QGIS, suitable for environmental licensing. Practice these techniques to become proficient in using QGIS for various mapping projects. For further learning, consider exploring additional QGIS tutorials or taking a course to deepen your understanding.