Skill 1 - The Primary Survey

Introduction

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide on conducting a primary survey, a crucial skill in first aid and emergency response. Understanding how to assess a situation and prioritize care can save lives. This guide is relevant for anyone interested in learning basic first aid techniques or enhancing their emergency response skills.

Step 1: Ensure Safety

• Before approaching the scene, assess the environment for any potential dangers to yourself or the victim.
• Look for hazards such as traffic, fire, or unstable structures.
• Only proceed when you are certain it is safe to do so.

Step 2: Check Responsiveness

• Gently tap the person and shout to see if they respond.
• If the person is responsive, ask them what happened and their level of discomfort.
• If there is no response, proceed to the next step.

Step 3: Call for Help

• If the person is unresponsive or in distress, call emergency services immediately.
• Provide clear information about the location and nature of the emergency.
• If possible, instruct someone else to make the call while you attend to the victim.

Step 4: Open the Airway

• Carefully tilt the head back by placing one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin.
• Check for breathing by looking at the chest for movement, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for airflow.
• If the person is not breathing, prepare to perform CPR.

Step 5: Assess Breathing

• If the person is breathing, place them in the recovery position to maintain an open airway.
• If they are not breathing, initiate CPR immediately, starting with chest compressions.

Step 6: Perform CPR if Necessary

• Position your hands in the center of the person’s chest and interlock your fingers.
• Keep your elbows straight and use your body weight to push down hard and fast (100-120 compressions per minute).
• Alternate with rescue breaths if you are trained and comfortable doing so.

Step 7: Monitor the Victim

• Continue to monitor the person's condition until help arrives.
• Be prepared to provide updates to emergency responders upon their arrival.

Conclusion

The primary survey is a critical first step in emergency response. By ensuring safety, checking responsiveness, and following the steps outlined, you can effectively assess and manage an emergency situation. Consider taking a certified first aid course to further develop your skills and confidence in handling emergencies.