cnc tooling | cnc inserts | type of inserts | cutting angles | cnc tools | cnc tool setting

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide on CNC tooling, focusing on the types of inserts, cutting angles, and tool setting techniques. Understanding these concepts is essential for effective CNC machining, ensuring precision and efficiency in metal cutting operations.

Step 1: Understanding CNC Inserts

• CNC inserts are replaceable cutting tools used in various machining processes.
• They come in various shapes and sizes, tailored for different materials and cutting conditions.
• Key types of CNC inserts include:
  • Carbide Inserts: Known for their hardness and wear resistance.
  • Ceramic Inserts: Suitable for high-speed machining of hard materials.
  • Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) Inserts: Ideal for machining hardened steel.

Step 2: Types of Cutting Angles

• Cutting angles play a crucial role in determining the efficiency of the machining process.
• Common cutting angles include:
  • Rake Angle: Influences the cutting edge's sharpness. Positive rake angles reduce cutting forces, while negative rake angles increase tool strength.
  • Relief Angle: Prevents the tool from rubbing against the workpiece, enhancing tool life.
  • Inclination Angle: Affects the cutting force and chip flow.

Step 3: Tool Changing Arrangements

• There are two primary tool changing arrangements in CNC machines:
  • Manual Tool Change: Requires the operator to change tools by hand, typically used in smaller shops or less complex operations.
  • Automatic Tool Change (ATC): Found in machining centers, allowing for quick and efficient tool changes. This feature distinguishes CNC machining centers from standard CNC milling machines.

Step 4: CNC Tool Setting Techniques

• Proper tool setting is crucial for accuracy in machining. Follow these steps for effective tool setting:
  • Tool Length Measurement: Use a tool setter to measure the tool length accurately.
  • Workpiece Setup: Ensure the workpiece is securely clamped and positioned.
  • Offset Input: Enter the measured tool length and any offsets into the CNC program.
  • Run a Test Cut: Perform a test cut to verify the tool settings and make adjustments as necessary.

Step 5: Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Failing to regularly check tool wear can lead to poor surface finish and dimensional inaccuracies.
• Not calibrating the tool length correctly may result in tool crashes or incomplete cuts.
• Using incorrect cutting angles can cause excessive wear or breakage of the insert.

Conclusion

Understanding CNC tooling, including types of inserts, cutting angles, and tool setting techniques, is vital for successful machining operations. By following the outlined steps, you can enhance your machining precision and efficiency. For further learning, consider exploring advanced CNC programming techniques and experimenting with different tool arrangements in practice.