Sejarah Pembentukan UUD 1945, Diambil dari Isi Piagam Jakarta & Disahkan Sehari Setelah Proklamasi

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the historical formation of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, based on the events surrounding its creation and the significant influence of the Jakarta Charter. Understanding this process is essential for grasping the foundational legal framework of Indonesia and its ideological roots in Pancasila.

Step 1: Understand the Background of UUD 1945

• The UUD 1945 (Constitution of 1945) serves as the highest legal document in Indonesia.
• It was officially adopted on August 18, 1945, just one day after Indonesia's proclamation of independence.
• The ideologies within the UUD 1945 are deeply rooted in Pancasila, which is outlined in its opening.

Step 2: The Role of BPUPKI

• The Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI) was established on April 29, 1945, to prepare for independence.
• Led by Ir. Soekarno with Moh. Hatta as vice-chair, BPUPKI was crucial in drafting the Constitution.
• The first session on June 1, 1945, marked the birth of Pancasila as the foundational ideology of Indonesia.

Step 3: Development of the Jakarta Charter

• Following the first session, 38 members of BPUPKI formed the Panitia Sembilan (Nine Committee) to draft the Jakarta Charter.
• The Jakarta Charter outlined the opening of the UUD 1945 and was a significant step towards the formal Constitution.

Step 4: Finalizing the Constitution

• On July 10, 1945, during its second session, BPUPKI worked on the actual drafting of the Constitution.
• After BPUPKI was dissolved on August 7, 1945, the Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI) was formed to continue this work.
• The first PPKI session on August 18, 1945, resulted in the formal adoption of Pancasila and UUD 1945.

Step 5: Changes to the Jakarta Charter

• The initial wording of the first principle of Pancasila was modified from "Ketuhanan dengan kewajiban menjalankan syariat Islam bagi pemeluk-pemeluknya" to "Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa," reflecting a broader religious inclusion.
• The opening of UUD 1945 consists of four paragraphs, while the body contains 16 chapters, 37 articles, and additional transitional provisions.

Step 6: Subsequent Endorsements

• On August 29, 1945, the UUD 1945 was reaffirmed by the Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat (KNIP).
• The PPKI officially finalized the opening of UUD 1945 by removing certain phrases from the Jakarta Charter, affirming the five principles of Pancasila as the nation’s foundational ideology.

Conclusion

The formation of the UUD 1945 was a pivotal moment in Indonesian history, embodying the nation’s values and principles through Pancasila. By understanding this process, you gain insight into Indonesia’s legal framework and democratic principles. For further exploration, consider studying the amendments to the UUD 1945 and their implications on contemporary Indonesian governance.