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Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide on how to successfully plant durian trees, ensuring a high survival rate. It outlines essential steps from selecting the right seedlings to proper care after planting, making it perfect for both novice and experienced gardeners.

Step 1: Selecting Quality Seedlings

• Choose disease-free seedlings with the following characteristics:
  • A sturdy, upright trunk.
  • Age of no more than 1 year.
  • Height between 60-80 cm.
  • Brown base color; avoid blackened bases as they may indicate poor health.
• Prepare seedlings by placing them in direct sunlight for 15 days before planting to help them acclimate to the local climate.

Step 2: Preparing the Planting Area

• The best time for planting durian is at the end of April when transitioning from hot to rainy seasons.
• If the planting site is low-lying and prone to waterlogging, create raised mounds:
  • Height should be at least 80 cm to account for soil settling.
  • Diameter of 3-4 meters is recommended.
• Space seedlings 8x8 meters or 9x9 meters apart based on your garden management needs.

Step 3: Planting the Seedlings

• Dig holes approximately 50 cm deep, slightly deeper than the seedling's pot.
• It is optional to place organic fertilizer or well-composted animal manure at the bottom of the hole.
• Carefully cut the seedling pot without damaging the root ball.
• Place the seedling in the hole so that the soil level in the pot is 1 inch above the surrounding soil.
• Ensure the soil does not cover the base of the seedling to maintain root oxygenation.
• If planting during hot weather, consider using shade cloth to protect the seedlings.

Step 4: Maintenance and Care

• Watering:
  • Water every 2-3 days, adjusting based on soil moisture.
  • Test soil moisture by touching the ground near the base of the plant; if it feels wet, skip watering.
  • In dry conditions, water for 30 minutes every 3 days.
• Fertilization:
  • Begin fertilizing when new leaves emerge, indicating healthy root development.
  • Use a balanced fertilizer such as 15-15-15 combined with 15-0-0 and 26.5 CaO in a 2:1 ratio or a 25-7-7 formula.
  • Apply fertilizer at the junction between the seedling pot and the native soil, avoiding direct application at the base of the plant.
  • Start with low fertilizer amounts in the first year, applying after each new leaf set.
• Foliar Feeding:
  • Spray micronutrients such as zinc, manganese, and iron during different leaf stages to enhance growth.
  • Use a balanced foliar fertilizer like 20-20-20 + TE or 30-20-10 + TE.
• Pest and Disease Management:
  • Apply insecticides for pests like aphids and caterpillars before leaves fully unfurl.
  • Regularly use mycorrhizal fungi or fungicides to prevent root diseases.

Conclusion

Successfully planting and caring for durian trees requires careful attention to seedling selection, site preparation, and ongoing maintenance. Adjust your techniques based on local soil and climate conditions to maximize growth and fruit production. With these steps, you'll be well on your way to cultivating healthy durian trees.