CS50 2024 | C (Aula 1) - Curso de Introdução à Ciência da Computação de Harvard

Introduction

This tutorial serves as an introduction to the foundational concepts of programming in C, as presented in the Harvard CS50 course. It will guide you through the basics of coding, including the transition from high-level code to machine code, the importance of compilers, and the principles of writing effective code.

Step 1: Understanding Code Fundamentals

• Code Types: Recognize the two types of code:

  • Code-Fonte: Human-readable instructions written in programming languages like C.
  • Código de Máquina: The binary equivalent (ones and zeros) that machines understand.

• Binary Language: Machines operate on binary; hence, all source code must eventually be translated into machine code.

Step 2: Introduction to Compilers

• What is a Compiler?: A compiler is a special software that translates source code written in high-level languages (like C) into machine code.
• Usage: Familiarize yourself with a specific compiler that will be used to convert your C code into executable machine code.

Step 3: Writing Good Code

• Criteria for Good Code: Evaluate your code based on three axes:

  • Correção: Does the code work as intended?
  • Design: Is the code well-structured and logical?
  • Estilo: Is the code aesthetically pleasing and consistent?

• Practical Tip: Always test your code to ensure it meets the criteria for correction and design before considering it complete.

Step 4: Setting Up Your Environment

• Install Visual Studio Code: This is a popular code editor that supports C programming.

• Enable Syntax Highlighting: Configure Visual Studio Code to highlight syntax for better readability.

• Common Pitfalls: Remember to check settings for compiling and running C code as this can vary by installation.

Step 5: Getting Acquainted with C Syntax

• Basic Components:

  • Sequências de Escape: Understand escape sequences for handling special characters in strings.
  • Arquivos de Cabeçalho: Learn to include header files that provide function declarations.
  • Bibliotecas: Familiarize yourself with standard libraries that provide useful functions.

• Example Code:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    printf("Hello, World!\n");
    return 0;
}

Step 6: Exploring C Programming Concepts

• Tipos de Dados: Understand different data types (int, float, char) and their uses.

• Variáveis e Constantes: Learn how to declare and use variables and constants.

• Condicionais e Laços: Explore conditional statements (if, else) and loops (for, while) to control the flow of your program.

• Practical Tip: Try implementing simple programs using these concepts to build your understanding.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you have learned the essential concepts of programming in C, from understanding the difference between source and machine code to setting up your coding environment and writing good code. As a next step, practice coding simple programs using the principles discussed and explore more advanced topics in C programming through the CS50 course materials.