Cómo Aprender a Programar desde CERO con GDScript y Godot para videojuegos

Introduction

This tutorial is designed for beginners who want to learn programming using GDScript and Godot Engine for video game development. Over the course of this guide, you will gain foundational knowledge in programming, covering everything from setting up your environment to understanding data types and control structures.

Step 1: Install Godot Engine

• Visit the official Godot Engine website.
• Download the latest version of Godot 4.
• Install the software by following the prompts provided by the installer.

Step 2: Set Up Your Project

• Launch Godot Engine.
• Create a new project by clicking on "New Project."
• Name your project and choose a location for it.
• Click "Create & Edit" to open the project.

Step 3: Prepare Your Scene

• In the Godot editor, create a new scene.
• Add a root node (e.g., Node2D) for your scene.
• Save the scene by clicking on "Scene" and then "Save" to ensure your progress is not lost.

Step 4: Associate a Script

• With your root node selected, click on the "Attach Script" button.
• This will create a new GDScript file linked to your scene.
• Name the script appropriately and click "Create."

Step 5: Understand the _ready Function

• The _ready() function is called when the node is added to the scene.
• You can place initialization code inside this function to set up your game at the start.

Step 6: Learn Indentation and Comments

• GDScript relies on indentation to define code blocks. Ensure proper indentation to avoid errors.
• Use comments (#) to add notes in your code for clarity.

Step 7: Variables and Data Types

• Declare variables using the var keyword, for example:

  var player_health = 100
  

• Understand basic data types:
  • Integers
  • Floats
  • Strings
  • Booleans

Step 8: Explore Lists and Arrays

• Create arrays using square brackets:

  var enemies = ["Goblin", "Orc", "Troll"]
  

• Learn methods to manipulate arrays, such as .append() and .remove().

Step 9: Use Constants

• Define constants using the const keyword to store values that should not change:

  const MAX_HEALTH = 100
  

Step 10: Understand Dynamic and Static Typing

• GDScript supports dynamic typing, meaning you can change a variable's type at runtime.
• Static typing can be enforced using type hints:

  var score: int = 0
  

Step 11: Utilize Operators

• Familiarize yourself with arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /) and comparison operators (==, !=, >, <).
• Explore boolean operators (and, or, not) for logical conditions.

Step 12: Implement Conditional Statements

• Use if and else statements for decision-making:

  if player_health <= 0:
      print("Game Over")
  else:
      print("Continue Playing")
  

Step 13: Learn Looping Structures

• Use while loops for repeated execution until a condition is false:

  while player_health > 0:
      player_health -= 10
  

• Use for loops to iterate over arrays or ranges:

  for enemy in enemies:
      print(enemy)
  

Step 14: Working with Dictionaries

• Create dictionaries to store key-value pairs:

  var player_data = {"name": "Hero", "level": 1}
  

Step 15: Define and Use Functions

• Create functions using the func keyword:

  func take_damage(amount):
      player_health -= amount
  

• Understand parameters and return values to make functions more versatile.

Step 16: Best Practices and Code Organization

• Follow naming conventions for variables and functions.
• Keep your code modular by breaking it into smaller functions.
• Use comments and documentation to explain complex parts of your code.

Conclusion

By following these steps, you will have a solid foundation in programming with GDScript and Godot Engine. Continue practicing by building small projects and exploring more advanced topics in programming. Don't hesitate to refer to the GDScript manual for further learning resources. Happy coding!