The Bonus Army II

Introduction

This tutorial explores the key historical elements and significance of the Bonus Army, a group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demand early payment of a bonus promised to them. Understanding this event is crucial for grasping the socio-political climate of the United States during the Great Depression.

Step 1: Understand the Context of the Bonus Army

• The Bonus Army was formed during the Great Depression when many veterans were struggling financially.
• In 1924, the U.S. Congress promised veterans a bonus for their service, payable in 1945.
• Economic hardship led many veterans to demand immediate payment, as they needed support during the economic downturn.

Step 2: Learn About the March on Washington

• In May 1932, approximately 43,000 veterans and their families marched to Washington, D.C.
• They set up camp in various locations, including Anacostia Flats and near the Capitol.
• Their presence drew significant media attention and public interest.

Step 3: Explore the Response from the Government

• Initially, President Hoover’s administration ignored the Bonus Army's demands.
• Tensions escalated when some veterans began to occupy government buildings.
• On July 28, 1932, the U.S. Army, led by General Douglas MacArthur, was ordered to clear the camps, resulting in violent clashes.

Step 4: Analyze the Aftermath and Impact

• The violent eviction of the Bonus Army led to public outrage and sympathy for the veterans.
• The event influenced future policies regarding veterans' benefits and government responsibility.
• In 1936, Congress passed the Adjusted Compensation Payment Act, allowing veterans to receive their bonuses earlier than planned.

Conclusion

The Bonus Army's march is a significant event in American history, highlighting the struggles of veterans during the Great Depression and the government's response to civil unrest. Understanding this event can provide insights into current discussions about veterans' rights and government obligations. For further exploration, consider researching the long-term effects of the Bonus Army on veterans' policies and social movements in the United States.