DEMOKRASI LIBERAL DI INDONESIA 1950 SAMPAI 1959

Introduction

This tutorial explores the Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia from 1950 to 1959, focusing on its political, economic developments, and notable cabinets. Understanding this era is essential for grasping Indonesia's historical democratic evolution and the context of its multipartite political system.

Step 1: Understand the Concept of Liberal Democracy

• Liberal democracy emphasizes individual rights and freedoms alongside a representative government.
• In Indonesia, this meant a parliamentary system where multiple political parties competed.
• Key features included:
  • Regular elections
  • Protection of civil liberties
  • Political pluralism

Step 2: Explore the Background of Liberal Democracy in Indonesia

• After gaining independence in 1945, Indonesia experienced political instability.
• The 1950s marked the establishment of a parliamentary system, which was intended to stabilize governance.
• Key parties during this period included Masyumi, PNI (Indonesian National Party), NU (Nahdlatul Ulama), and PKI (Communist Party of Indonesia).

Step 3: Learn About the Cabinets of the Liberal Democracy Era

Cabinet Natsir

• Established in 1950, led by Mohammad Natsir.
• Focused on Islamic values and national integrity.

Cabinet Sukiman

• Formed in 1951, led by Sukiman.
• Aimed to improve economic conditions but faced challenges.

Cabinet Wilopo

• Established in 1952, led by Wilopo.
• Struggled with political instability and economic issues.

Cabinet Ali Sastroamidjojo I

• Took office in 1953, led by Ali Sastroamidjojo.
• Focused on foreign relations and economic development.

Cabinet Burhanuddin Harahap

• Established in 1955, led by Burhanuddin.
• Known for its short tenure and increased political tensions.

Cabinet Ali Sastroamidjojo II

• Returned to power in 1956 with a focus on national unity.
• Faced criticism and instability.

Cabinet Djuanda

• Formed in 1957, led by Djuanda Kartawidjaja.
• Notable for the Djuanda Declaration, which aimed to unify Indonesia’s archipelago.

Step 4: Examine the Challenges of the Political System

• Political instability was rampant due to frequent cabinet changes and the use of "Mosi tidak percaya" (motions of no confidence).
• This instability hindered effective governance and development.

Step 5: Review the Economic Policies of the Era

• Key economic policies included:
  • Gunting Syafruddin: Aimed at stabilizing the economy by cutting prices.
  • Gerakan Benteng: A movement to protect local businesses from foreign competition.
  • Nationalization of De Javasche Bank: Transitioning control of the central bank to the Indonesian government.
  • Ali Baba Economic System: A policy to promote cooperation between local entrepreneurs and foreign investors.

Step 6: Recognize Key Historical Events

• 1955 Elections: Marked Indonesia's first democratic elections, indicating progress in the political landscape.
• Asian-African Conference: Held in 1955, promoting solidarity among developing nations.
• Djuanda Declaration: Laid the groundwork for national unity and territorial integrity.

Conclusion

The Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia was marked by a complex interplay of political ambitions, economic challenges, and notable historical milestones. Understanding these elements provides valuable insights into Indonesia's democratic journey. To delve deeper, consider exploring individual cabinet policies and the long-term impacts of this era on Indonesian governance.