Curso Python #06 - Tipos Primitivos e Saída de Dados

Introduction

This tutorial covers the basics of primitive data types in Python, specifically focusing on int, float, bool, and str. Additionally, we will explore how to perform basic operations using the print() function. Understanding these concepts is essential for anyone starting with Python programming, as they form the foundation for more complex operations.

Step 1: Understanding Primitive Data Types

Primitive data types are the building blocks of data manipulation in Python. Here are the main types you will encounter:

• Integer (int): Represents whole numbers, both positive and negative.

  • Example: 5, -3, 0

• Floating Point (float): Represents real numbers with decimal points.

  • Example: 3.14, -0.001, 2.0

• Boolean (bool): Represents truth values, either True or False.

• String (str): Represents a sequence of characters enclosed in quotes.

  • Example: "Hello, World!", 'Python'

Practical Tip

When defining variables, make sure to use the correct data type based on the context of your program.

Step 2: Converting Between Types

You can convert between these primitive types using built-in functions. Here’s how:

• Convert to Integer: Use int()

  num = int(3.7)  # Converts float to int, resulting in 3
  

• Convert to Float: Use float()

  num = float(5)  # Converts int to float, resulting in 5.0
  

• Convert to Boolean: Use bool()

  value = bool(0)  # Converts 0 to False
  

• Convert to String: Use str()

  text = str(100)  # Converts int to str, resulting in '100'
  

Common Pitfall

Remember that converting non-numeric strings to integers or floats will raise an error. For example, int("abc") will not work.

Step 3: Using the Print Function

The print() function in Python is used to output data to the console. Here’s how to use it effectively:

• Basic usage:

  print("Hello, World!")
  

• Printing variables:

  name = "Alice"
  age = 30
  print(name, "is", age, "years old.")
  

• Formatting output: You can format strings using f-strings (Python 3.6+):

  print(f"{name} is {age} years old.")
  

Practical Tip

Use commas to separate multiple items in the print() function. This automatically adds spaces between them, making your output cleaner.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we covered the basic primitive data types in Python and how to convert between them. We also explored how to use the print() function for outputting data. To further enhance your Python skills, practice these concepts by creating small programs that utilize different data types and outputs.