Pelaksanaan Demokrasi Terpimpin di Indonesia (1959-1965)

Introduction

This tutorial explores the implementation of Guided Democracy in Indonesia from 1959 to 1965, a crucial period in Indonesian history. Understanding this era is essential for students of Indonesian history, particularly in the context of how political systems evolve and impact society.

Step 1: Understand the Concept of Guided Democracy

• Guided Democracy was introduced by President Sukarno as a way to stabilize the political landscape in Indonesia.
• It aimed to incorporate elements of democracy while ensuring that the government maintained control over political affairs.
• Key features included:
  • Emphasis on national unity
  • Suppression of political opposition
  • Centralization of power in the executive branch

Step 2: Review the Political Context

• Familiarize yourself with the historical backdrop of Indonesia leading up to 1959:
  • Post-independence struggles and political instability
  • The influence of external powers during the Cold War
  • Sukarno's vision for a unified Indonesia

Step 3: Explore the Implementation of Guided Democracy

• Key actions taken during this period:
  • The 1959 Presidential Decree that reinstated the 1945 Constitution
  • The establishment of a new political system that limited multi-party democracy
• Understand the role of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) as a tool for Sukarno to consolidate power.

Step 4: Analyze the Impact on Society and Politics

• Evaluate how Guided Democracy affected various aspects of Indonesian life:
  • Economic policies and their outcomes
  • Suppression of dissent and media control
  • Changes in social dynamics, including the role of the military

Step 5: Recognize the Downfall of Guided Democracy

• Identify factors that led to the decline of this political system:
  • Growing discontent among various social groups
  • Economic challenges and mismanagement
  • The emergence of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and its conflicts with the military

Conclusion

The period of Guided Democracy in Indonesia (1959-1965) plays a significant role in understanding the complexities of political governance in the country. Key takeaways include the balance between maintaining control and allowing democratic processes, the effects of centralized power, and the long-term implications of political decisions made during this time. For further study, consider exploring the transition to the New Order regime that followed this period and its lasting impacts on Indonesian society and politics.