TUDO QUE VOCÊ PRECISA SABER SOBRE A ERA VARGAS: tá longo, mas vale a pena! (Débora Aladim)

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the Vargas Era in Brazil, based on Débora Aladim's detailed video. The Vargas Era encompasses significant political, economic, and social changes in Brazil from 1930 to 1945. This guide aims to break down the key events and transformations that occurred during this period, making it easier to understand and remember.

Step 1: Understand the Revolution of 1930

• The Revolution of 1930 marked the end of the Old Republic and the rise of Getúlio Vargas.
• Key aspects to note:
  • Social discontent and regional revolts led to the overthrow of President Washington Luís.
  • Vargas assumed power initially through a provisional government.
• Practical advice: Familiarize yourself with the socio-political context leading up to the revolution, focusing on the dissatisfaction with oligarchic rule.

Step 2: Learn about the Provisional Government (1930-1932)

• The provisional government aimed to stabilize the country and implement reforms.
• Important points:
  • Vargas introduced measures to centralize power and address economic crises.
  • The 1932 constitutional revolution challenged Vargas, leading to the establishment of a new constitution.
• Practical advice: Study the reforms enacted during this period, especially in relation to labor laws and state intervention in the economy.

Step 3: Explore the Constitutional Government (1932-1937)

• This phase saw the establishment of the 1934 Constitution, which aimed to modernize Brazilian governance.
• Key elements:
  • Introduction of social rights and the direct election of governors.
  • Increased political participation and the rise of new political parties.
• Practical advice: Compare the 1934 Constitution with both the previous and succeeding constitutions to understand its impact.

Step 4: Analyze the Estado Novo (1937-1945)

• The Estado Novo was a period of authoritarian rule initiated by Vargas.
• Notable features:
  • Suspension of political parties and the establishment of censorship.
  • Focus on nationalism and state-led development.
• Practical advice: Investigate specific policies implemented during this time, such as industrialization efforts and propaganda.

Step 5: Examine Economic Changes during the Vargas Era

• The Vargas government significantly influenced Brazil's economic landscape.
• Important changes:
  • Industrialization policies aimed at reducing dependence on coffee exports.
  • Creation of state-owned enterprises to stimulate economic growth.
• Practical advice: Research the economic strategies employed and their long-term effects on Brazil's economy.

Step 6: Understand the Rise of Trabalhismo

• Trabalhismo, or laborism, emerged as a political ideology promoting workers' rights.
• Key points:
  • Vargas positioned himself as a protector of the working class.
  • Labor laws were reformed to improve working conditions and rights.
• Practical advice: Explore the impact of Trabalhismo on Brazilian society and its legacy in modern politics.

Step 7: Review Changes in Education and Health

• The Vargas Era also brought significant reforms in education and health sectors.
• Noteworthy developments:
  • Expansion of public education and literacy programs.
  • Establishment of public health initiatives to combat diseases.
• Practical advice: Investigate specific educational and health policies and their implications for future generations.

Step 8: Reflect on the End of Estado Novo and Queremismo

• The end of the Estado Novo was marked by increasing opposition and demands for democracy (Queremismo).
• Key events:
  • The political climate shifted as World War II progressed, influencing domestic policies.
  • Vargas was ousted in 1945, leading to a return to democracy.
• Practical advice: Analyze how the Queremismo movement shaped the political landscape post-Vargas.

Conclusion

The Vargas Era was a transformative period in Brazilian history characterized by political upheaval, economic changes, and significant social reforms. Understanding this era provides valuable insights into Brazil's contemporary political and social landscape. For further exploration, consider delving into specific reforms or events that particularly interest you, and engage with additional resources for a deeper understanding of the era's complexities.