Iconography in Art (Part 1): The Meaning of Animals in Renaissance Art

Introduction

This tutorial explores the meaning and symbolism of various animals in Renaissance art. By understanding these iconographic representations, you can deepen your appreciation for the artwork from this period. We'll cover the significance of serpents, dogs, rabbits, ermines, goldfinches, and peacocks.

Step 1: Understand the Symbolism of Serpents

• Common Representations: Serpents often symbolize temptation, sin, and knowledge.
• Cultural Context: In Christian art, they are frequently linked to the story of Adam and Eve.
• Visual Elements: Look for how serpents are depicted—sometimes intertwined with other figures or objects, enhancing their symbolic meaning.

Step 2: Explore the Meaning of Dogs

• Loyalty and Fidelity: Dogs are typically seen as symbols of loyalty, protection, and fidelity.
• Artistic Depictions: You'll often find them in family portraits or as companions to human figures, emphasizing relationships.
• Interpretation Tip: Pay attention to the dog's posture and expression, as these can indicate the nature of the relationship with the human.

Step 3: Investigate the Role of Rabbits

• Fertility and Abundance: Rabbits are commonly associated with fertility and the arrival of spring.
• Symbolic Use: In some artworks, they may represent innocence or purity.
• Art Analysis: Note how rabbits are often placed in pastoral scenes, highlighting themes of nature and renewal.

Step 4: Examine Ermines

• Symbol of Purity: Ermines are often depicted as symbols of purity and innocence, linked to the Virgin Mary.
• Royal Associations: They also signify nobility and high status, as their fur was used in royal robes.
• Observation Tip: Look for detailed portrayals of ermine fur, which can indicate the artist's skill and the subject's significance.

Step 5: Learn About Goldfinches

• Symbol of the Soul: Goldfinches are frequently interpreted as a representation of the soul, connection to the divine, or a symbol of Christ.
• Nature and Joy: Their presence in art can also evoke themes of joy and the beauty of nature.
• Visual Cues: Check for goldfinches flying or perched within scenes, underscoring their significance in the composition.

Step 6: Discover the Significance of Peacocks

• Immortality and Resurrection: Peacocks are often associated with immortality due to their ability to shed and regrow feathers.
• Symbol of Vanity: They can also represent vanity and pride because of their beautiful plumage.
• Interpretative Approach: Observe their placement in artworks—often in garden or paradise settings, enhancing their symbolic meanings.

Conclusion

Understanding the iconography of animals in Renaissance art enriches your viewing experience and interpretation of these works. Each animal carries its own unique symbolism that reflects broader themes of the era. Consider exploring more art lectures or readings to further your knowledge, and don't hesitate to revisit famous artworks with this new perspective in mind.