Anselm - An Ontological Argument

Introduction

This tutorial provides a clear overview of St. Anselm's Ontological Argument for the existence of God. Understanding this argument is essential for those interested in philosophy, theology, or the philosophical implications of belief in God. This guide will break down the argument into manageable steps, making it easier to grasp and discuss.

Step 1: Understand the Concept of God

• Definition: Anselm defines God as "that than which nothing greater can be conceived."
• Key Idea: This definition is central to the argument; God exists in the understanding and must also exist in reality to be the greatest conceivable being.
• Practical Tip: Reflect on what it means to be the greatest being and how existence in reality enhances greatness.

Step 2: Recognize the Importance of Existence

• Premise: Anselm argues that if God exists only in the understanding and not in reality, then a greater being could be conceived—one that exists in reality.
• Implication: This leads to the conclusion that God must exist in reality; otherwise, He would not be the greatest conceivable being.
• Common Pitfall: Avoid confusing existence in the mind with existence in reality; Anselm emphasizes the necessity of both.

Step 3: Explore Anselm's Logical Structure

• Argument Outline:
  1. God is defined as the greatest conceivable being.
  2. It is greater to exist in reality than merely in the understanding.
  3. If God exists only in the understanding, we can conceive of a greater being that does exist.
  4. Therefore, God must exist in reality.
• Practical Application: Use this structure to analyze other arguments in philosophy, ensuring clarity and logical consistency.

Step 4: Consider Counterarguments

• Critique Awareness: Familiarize yourself with common objections to the Ontological Argument, such as Gaunilo’s Perfect Island objection, which suggests that just because we can conceive of a perfect island does not mean it exists.
• Response Strategy: Develop responses to these critiques by reinforcing the unique nature of God’s definition compared to other concepts.

Step 5: Reflect on the Implications of the Argument

• Philosophical Impact: Consider how Anselm’s argument impacts theological beliefs and philosophical discussions about existence.
• Real-World Applications: Engage in discussions or debates about the existence of God, using Anselm’s argument as a foundational point.

Conclusion

Anselm’s Ontological Argument presents a fascinating philosophical approach to the existence of God. By understanding its structure and implications, you can engage more deeply with philosophical discussions. Consider exploring further readings on Anselm and related philosophical arguments to enhance your knowledge and critical thinking skills.