O PRIMEIRO REINADO NO BRASIL | Resumo de História do Brasil para o Enem

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the First Reign in Brazil, focusing on the governance of Dom Pedro I from 1822 to 1831. Understanding this period is essential for students preparing for the ENEM exam, as it covers significant political, social, and economic changes that shaped Brazil's early independence.

Step 1: Overview of the First Reign

• The First Reign corresponds to the period of Dom Pedro I's rule from 1822 to 1831.
• Brazil gained independence in 1822 but did not experience immediate changes in governance or society.
• Dom Pedro I, a Portuguese prince, continued to hold power, and slavery persisted until 1888.

Step 2: Internal and External Recognition Challenges

• Dom Pedro faced challenges in gaining recognition for Brazil both internally and externally.
• He suppressed political forces opposing his authority, relying on military support from Britain.
• In 1824, the United States recognized Brazil's independence, followed by Portugal in 1825, mediated by England.

Step 3: The Role of the Assembly and Constitution

• Dom Pedro initially called for a Constituent Assembly, which split into two parties:
  • Minority party favored an absolutist regime.
  • Majority party supported the Mandioca Constitution advocating for a censitary vote and legislative autonomy.
• Dom Pedro dissolved the Assembly using military intervention.

Step 4: Key Features of the 1824 Constitution

• The first Brazilian Constitution was enacted in 1824 with five fundamental characteristics:
  1. It was imposed authoritatively.
  2. The emperor held power through the moderating authority.
  3. Established a unitary state.
  4. Implemented a censitary voting system.
  5. Connected the State with the Catholic Church.

Step 5: Rebellions and Political Crises

• The Constitution's authoritarian nature led to unrest, notably in Pernambuco with the Confederação do Equador, which sought independence.
• Dom Pedro's government faced ongoing crises, including economic struggles and the Guerra da Cisplatina, which drained resources.

Step 6: Dom Pedro's Political Downfall

• After the death of Dom João in 1827, Dom Pedro refused to return to Portugal, leading to family conflicts over the throne.
• His increasing unpopularity culminated in the assassination of his opponent, Líbero Badaró, in 1830, which intensified opposition against him.
• Dom Pedro I abdicated on April 7, 1831, leaving the throne to his son, Dom Pedro II, who was too young to govern, thus starting the Regencial Period.

Conclusion

The First Reign marked a tumultuous time in Brazil's history, characterized by a struggle for political stability and legitimacy. Key takeaways include the challenges of establishing a new government, the role of the Constitution, and the eventual abdication of Dom Pedro I. For further study, consider exploring the subsequent Regencial Period and its impact on Brazil's political landscape.