KONFIGURASI ELEKTRON || TEORI ATOM BOHR

Introduction

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide on understanding electron configuration based on Bohr's atomic theory. It explains how electrons are arranged in atomic shells, the limits on the number of electrons each shell can hold, and the significance of these configurations in chemistry.

Step 1: Understand the Basics of Electron Configuration

• Electron configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom's shells or subshells.
• According to Bohr's theory, an atom consists of a nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) with electrons moving around it in defined paths or shells.
• The primary shells are labeled as K, L, M, N, O, P, and Q, corresponding to different energy levels.

Step 2: Learn the Maximum Electron Capacity of Each Shell

• Each shell has a maximum number of electrons it can hold, calculated using the formula 2n², where n is the shell number:
  • K shell (n=1): Maximum of 2 electrons
  • L shell (n=2): Maximum of 8 electrons
  • M shell (n=3): Maximum of 18 electrons
  • N shell (n=4): Maximum of 32 electrons
  • O shell (n=5): Maximum of 50 electrons

Step 3: Fill Electrons According to the Rules

• Start filling electrons in the order of the shells, starting from K (closest to the nucleus).
• Follow the maximum limits for each shell:
  • Fill the K shell first (2 electrons).
  • Then fill the L shell (8 electrons).
  • Next, fill the M shell (18 electrons), and so on.

Step 4: Example of Electron Configuration

• Consider an atom with 10 electrons (like Neon):
  • Fill K shell with 2 electrons.
  • Fill L shell with 8 electrons.
  • The configuration for Neon would be written as 1s² 2s² 2p⁶.

Step 5: Transition to Quantum Mechanical Model

• While Bohr's model is useful for understanding basic configurations, more complex atoms require the quantum mechanical model for subshell arrangements (s, p, d, f).
• This model considers electron spin and the probability distributions of electrons.

Conclusion

Understanding electron configuration is essential for studying chemical properties and behaviors. By following the steps outlined, you can effectively determine the electron arrangement for various elements. As a next step, explore more complex configurations and familiarize yourself with the quantum mechanical model for a deeper insight into atomic structure.