Linux Commands Starts from A to Z alphabet in Hindi | Quick Revision | MPrashant

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of essential Linux commands from A to Z. Aimed at beginners, it serves as a quick revision guide for those looking to enhance their Linux command-line skills. Understanding these commands is vital for anyone preparing for a Linux-related job or interview.

Step 1: Learning Basic Commands

Familiarize yourself with fundamental commands that form the foundation of Linux usage.

• ls: Lists files and directories in the current directory.
• cd: Changes the current directory.
• pwd: Displays the current working directory.
• mkdir: Creates a new directory.
• rmdir: Removes an empty directory.

Practical Tips

• Use ls -l for detailed file information, including permissions and size.
• Combine commands using && to execute them sequentially.

Step 2: File Manipulation Commands

Get comfortable with commands that allow you to manage files efficiently.

• cp: Copies files or directories.

  cp source_file destination_file
  

• mv: Moves or renames files or directories.

  mv old_name new_name
  

• rm: Deletes files or directories.

  rm filename
  

Common Pitfalls

• Be cautious with the rm command, especially with the -r option, as it deletes directories recursively without confirmation.

Step 3: Viewing and Editing Files

Learn how to view and manipulate the contents of files.

• cat: Displays the content of a file.
• less: Lets you view file content page by page.
• nano: Simple command-line text editor for editing files.

Practical Advice

• Use less for large files to avoid overwhelming output. Press q to exit.

Step 4: System Information Commands

These commands help you gather information about the system and its resources.

• top: Displays a dynamic view of system processes.
• df: Shows disk space usage.
• free: Displays memory usage.

Real-World Application

Monitoring system resources is crucial during development and server management to ensure optimal performance.

Step 5: Networking Commands

Understand the basic networking commands to manage and troubleshoot network settings.

• ping: Tests connectivity to another host.
• ifconfig: Displays or configures network interfaces.
• netstat: Shows network connections and listening ports.

Important Note

• For modern systems, ip a is often used instead of ifconfig.

Step 6: Permissions and Ownership

Learn to manage file permissions and ownership effectively.

• chmod: Changes file permissions.

  chmod 755 filename
  

• chown: Changes file owner.

  chown user:group filename
  

Tip for Beginners

• Understand the permission structure (read, write, execute) to manage access efficiently.

Conclusion

Mastering Linux commands is essential for navigating and managing your system effectively. By following this guide, you should now have a solid foundation in basic to advanced commands. For further learning, practice these commands in a safe environment, such as a virtual machine, and consider exploring more complex scripting and automation tasks. Happy learning!