Parallel Structure or Parallelism

Introduction

This tutorial focuses on parallel structure, also known as parallelism, in English writing. Understanding and implementing parallel structure is essential for creating clear and effective sentences. This guide will help you recognize parallelism, identify common pitfalls, and craft grammatically parallel sentences in your own writing.

Step 1: Understand Parallel Structure

Parallel structure involves using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas are equally important. It enhances readability and rhythm in writing.

• Definition: Parallelism means using the same grammatical forms in a series.
• Examples of parallel structure:
  • Correct: "I like hiking, swimming, and biking."
  • Incorrect: "I like to hike, swimming, and bike."

Practical Tip

When constructing lists or series in your writing, ensure each item follows the same grammatical format (e.g., all verbs, all nouns).

Step 2: Recognize Parallel Structure in Sentences

To improve your writing, you need to spot problems with parallel structure in your sentences.

• Common Issues:
  • Mixing different forms (e.g., using a noun with a verb).
  • Inconsistent tense or voice.

Example for Practice

• Identify the error: "She enjoys reading, to jog, and swimming."
• Correct it: "She enjoys reading, jogging, and swimming."

Step 3: Rewrite Sentences for Parallelism

Once you've identified non-parallel structures, practice rewriting them.

• Steps to Rewrite:
  1. Identify the list or series in your sentence.
  2. Determine the grammatical form needed for each item.
  3. Rewrite the sentence to maintain the same structure.

Example

• Original: "The coach wants players who are dedicated, hardworking, and to have teamwork."
• Revised: "The coach wants players who are dedicated, hardworking, and team-oriented."

Step 4: Apply Parallel Structure in Different Contexts

Use parallel structure in various types of writing, including essays, speeches, and professional emails.

• In Essays: Helps emphasize points and improve flow.
• In Speeches: Creates memorable phrases and enhances persuasion.
• In Emails: Clarifies lists of tasks or responsibilities.

Common Pitfall

Avoid overcomplicating sentences. Keep structures simple and clear.

Conclusion

Mastering parallel structure is crucial for clear and effective writing. By understanding its principles, recognizing problems, and practicing rewrites, you can enhance your writing skills. As your next step, try revising a piece of your writing with these techniques in mind, or practice identifying parallel structures in the texts you read.