Skeletal system explained in malayalam with diagram/@NursesMotive/#KUHS/#RGUHS

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the skeletal system, as explained in the video by Nurses Motive in Malayalam. It covers the structure, function, and classification of bones and joints, making it a valuable resource for nursing students and anyone interested in human anatomy.

Step 1: Understanding the Skeletal System

• The skeletal system consists of 206 bones in adults, which provide structure and support to the body.

It serves multiple functions

• Support: Provides a framework for the body.
• Protection: Shields vital organs (e.g., the skull protects the brain).
• Movement: Bones act as levers for muscles to facilitate movement.
• Mineral Storage: Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.
• Blood Cell Production: Bone marrow produces red and white blood cells.

Step 2: Bone Structure

Bones are categorized into two types

• Compact Bone: Dense, forms the outer layer.
• Spongy Bone: Lighter, found inside bones and contains marrow.

Each bone consists of

• Diaphysis: The shaft of the bone.
• Epiphysis: The ends of the bone, which articulate with other bones.
• Articular Cartilage: Covers the joint surface to reduce friction.
• Periosteum: A fibrous membrane covering the bone, essential for growth and repair.

Step 3: Bone Formation and Types of Bones

Bone formation occurs through

• Intramembranous Ossification: Formation of bone directly from mesenchymal tissue (e.g., the skull).
• Endochondral Ossification: Formation of bone from cartilage (e.g., long bones).

Types of bones based on shape

• Long Bones: E.g., femur, humerus.
• Short Bones: E.g., carpals, tarsals.
• Flat Bones: E.g., skull, ribs.
• Irregular Bones: E.g., vertebrae.

Step 4: Joints Classification

Joints are classified based on their structure and function

• Fibrous Joints: Connected by dense connective tissue, immovable (e.g., sutures of the skull).
• Cartilaginous Joints: Connected by cartilage, slightly movable (e.g., intervertebral discs).
• Synovial Joints: Most movable joints, characterized by a synovial cavity (e.g., knees, elbows).

Synovial joints can further be classified into

• Hinge Joints: Allow movement in one direction (e.g., elbow).
• Ball-and-Socket Joints: Allow rotational movement (e.g., shoulder, hip).

Step 5: Common Skeletal Disorders

Be aware of common disorders affecting the skeletal system, such as

Fractures: Breaks in the bone, categorized into

• Simple (closed)
• Compound (open)
• Osteoporosis: A condition where bones become weak and brittle.
• Arthritis: Inflammation of joints causing pain and stiffness.

Conclusion

Understanding the skeletal system is crucial for both medical professionals and students. Familiarizing yourself with bone structure, types, and joint classifications enhances your knowledge of human anatomy and physiology. For further study, consider exploring related topics such as muscle systems and their interaction with bones for a more integrated understanding of the human body.