Federalism Class 10 cbse full chapter (Animation) | Civics Class 10 Chapter 2 | CBSE | NCERT

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the concept of federalism, specifically tailored for Class 10 CBSE students. Drawing from the animated video by Sunlike Study, this guide will help you understand the fundamental aspects of federalism, its features, and its application in India.

Step 1: Understand What Federalism Is

• Federalism is a system of governance where power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units.
• It allows for multiple levels of government, each with distinct powers and responsibilities.

Step 2: Differentiate Between Federal and Unitary Governments

• Federal Government:

  • Power is shared between central and state governments.
  • Each level has its own authority and can legislate on various matters.

• Unitary Government:

  • Power is centralized in a single government.
  • Local governments have limited authority and are subordinate to the central government.

Step 3: Identify the Features of Federalism

• Two or more levels of government
• Division of powers between central and state governments
• Written Constitution outlining the powers of each level
• Independent judiciary to resolve disputes between levels
• Mechanisms for financial independence

Step 4: Explore Types of Federation

• Coming Together Federation: Independent states unite to form a central government (e.g., USA).
• Holding Together Federation: Central government creates states for better governance (e.g., India).

Step 5: Analyze What Makes India a Federal Country

• India's Constitution establishes a federal structure with a clear division of powers.
• States have their own governments and can legislate on various subjects, while the central government handles national issues.

Step 6: Learn How Federalism is Practiced in India

• Federalism is enacted through a system of shared governance, where both central and state governments operate within their jurisdiction.
• The Constitution lists subjects for which each level can legislate.

Step 7: Study Linguistic States and Language Policy

• Linguistic states were created based on language to better serve regional populations.
• Language policy is crucial in accommodating diverse linguistic groups, promoting harmony and effective governance.

Step 8: Examine the Tamil Nadu Incident

• This incident highlights the challenges of linguistic diversity in federalism.
• Understanding local sentiments and cultural identities is essential for effective governance.

Step 9: Understand Centre-State Relations

• The Constitution outlines the relationship between the central and state governments, including areas of cooperation and conflict.
• Financial arrangements and power-sharing are significant aspects of this relationship.

Step 10: Explore Decentralization in India

• Decentralization involves distribution of authority and responsibility to local governments.
• This process enhances local governance and empowers citizens.

Step 11: Learn About Types of Local Government

• Rural Local Government:

  • Panchayati Raj system empowers local self-governments in villages.

• Urban Local Government:

  • Municipalities manage urban areas, focusing on local needs and services.

Conclusion

Federalism is a vital aspect of India's governance, ensuring representation and autonomy for various states and local governments. Understanding its principles, features, and implementation will enhance your knowledge of political structures. For further exploration, consider reviewing the Indian Constitution and its provisions on federalism to deepen your comprehension.