CIPAD 24: Comment utiliser le L293D en mode monilitique

Introduction

In this tutorial, we will learn how to use the L293D motor driver in a monolithic configuration. This setup allows us to control four independent half-bridges, functioning as four separate variable power supplies. This knowledge is particularly useful for beginners in Arduino programming, as it provides a foundation for controlling motors and other devices with precision.

Step 1: Gather Required Components

Before starting, ensure you have the following components ready:

• L293D motor driver
• Arduino board (e.g., Arduino Uno)
• Power supply (suitable for your motors)
• Jumper wires
• Breadboard (optional for organization)
• Motors (for testing)

Practical Advice

• Make sure all components are in working condition.
• Check the specifications of your motors to match the power supply.

Step 2: Wiring the L293D

Connect the components according to the following guidelines:

1. Power Connections

   • Connect the Vcc1 pin of the L293D to the Arduino 5V.
   • Connect the Vcc2 pin to the external power supply (e.g., battery) suitable for your motors.
   • Connect the Ground (GND) pins of the L293D to the Arduino GND and the ground of the external power supply.

2. Motor Connections

   • Connect your motors to the output pins of the L293D.
   • For example, connect Motor A to Outputs 1 and 2, and Motor B to Outputs 3 and 4.

3. Control Pins

   • Connect the input control pins (e.g., Input 1, Input 2, Input 3, and Input 4) to the digital pins on the Arduino.

Practical Advice

• Double-check connections to avoid short-circuits.
• Use a breadboard for easier organization and modification.

Step 3: Programming the Arduino

Write a simple Arduino sketch to control the motors. Here is a basic example:

const int motorA1 = 2; // Input 1
const int motorA2 = 3; // Input 2
const int motorB1 = 4; // Input 3
const int motorB2 = 5; // Input 4

void setup() {
  pinMode(motorA1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motorA2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motorB1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motorB2, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // Motor A forward
  digitalWrite(motorA1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(motorA2, LOW);
  delay(2000); // Run for 2 seconds

  // Motor A backward
  digitalWrite(motorA1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motorA2, HIGH);
  delay(2000); // Run for 2 seconds

  // Stop Motor A
  digitalWrite(motorA1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motorA2, LOW);
  delay(2000); // Pause for 2 seconds

  // Repeat similar logic for Motor B
}

Practical Advice

• Modify the delay times to suit your testing needs.
• Ensure that the correct pins are referenced in your code.

Step 4: Testing the Setup

Once everything is connected and programmed:

1. Upload the Arduino sketch to your board.
2. Power on the external power supply.
3. Observe the motors' behavior according to your code.

Common Pitfalls

• Ensure the power supply is sufficient for the motors.
• Double-check that the control pins in the code match the physical connections.

Conclusion

You have successfully learned how to use the L293D in a monolithic configuration to control motors independently. This foundational knowledge will empower you to experiment with various motor control projects. For further exploration, consider integrating sensors or additional controls in your Arduino projects. Happy coding!