ALIRAN QADARIYAH

Introduction

This tutorial explores the Qadariyah movement, its origins, key figures, and its ideological stance against the Jabariyah philosophy. Understanding this historical context sheds light on early Islamic thought and the development of free will concepts in Islamic theology.

Step 1: Understand the Origins of Qadariyah

• Historical Context: The Qadariyah movement emerged around 70 H (approximately 690 CE) in Iraq during the reign of Khalifah Abdul Malik bin Marwan.
• Key Figures: The movement was primarily led by:
  • Ma'bad bin Juhani Al-Bisriy (died 699 CE)
  • Al-Jad bin Dirham
• Motivation for Emergence: Qadariyah arose as a response to the political injustices of the Umayyad dynasty, advocating for human agency in determining one’s fate.

Step 2: Distinguish Qadariyah from Jabariyah

• Core Beliefs of Jabariyah:
  • Belief in predestination: everything is preordained by Allah, leaving no room for human agency.
• Core Beliefs of Qadariyah:
  • Emphasis on free will: humans have the ability to make choices and shape their destinies.
  • Stance against fatalism: while acknowledging Allah’s omnipotence, they argue that humans must actively work to influence their outcomes.

Step 3: Explore the Development of Qadariyah

• Philosophical Evolution: Over time, Qadariyah developed various interpretations and offshoots, influencing discussions on free will and accountability in Islamic theology.
• Key Contributions: The movement contributed significantly to debates on ethics, responsibility, and divine justice within Islamic thought.

Step 4: Identify Influential Figures Within Qadariyah

• Notable Thinkers: Besides Ma'bad and Al-Jad, later scholars and philosophers expanded on Qadariyah principles, influencing theological and philosophical discourse.
• Impact on Islamic Scholarship: Their ideas prompted significant debates, leading to the development of various theological schools of thought.

Conclusion

The Qadariyah movement presents a crucial chapter in Islamic history, emphasizing free will against a backdrop of political oppression. Understanding its origins, beliefs, and key figures offers insight into the evolution of theological thought in Islam. For further exploration, consider researching how Qadariyah influenced contemporary Islamic discussions on free will and ethics.