Sejarah Imigran Yaman di Indonesia : Apa Artinya Habib ? Quaraish Shihab

Introduction

This tutorial explores the history of Yemeni immigrants in Indonesia, particularly the Hadhrami community. Understanding their migration patterns, cultural impacts, and contributions can provide insights into the rich tapestry of Indonesian society.

Step 1: Understanding the Hadhrami Community

• The Hadhrami people are primarily descendants from the Hadramaut region in Yemen.
• They began migrating to Indonesia as early as the 13th century.
• Migration was largely driven by trade and the spread of Islam during periods of conflict following the death of the fourth caliph, Ali bin Abi Talib.

Step 2: Migration Patterns

• The first significant influx of Hadhrami immigrants occurred between the 13th and 15th centuries.
• A second wave came from the 17th to early 20th centuries, peaking in the 19th century.
• Other Arab communities from the Middle East also settled in Indonesia, but Hadhrami descendants are the most prominent.

Step 3: Historical Context of Settlement

• Under Dutch colonial rule, Arabs were classified as "Timur Asing" and required to live in designated areas known as Kampung Arab.
• Key Kampung Arab locations in Indonesia include:
  • Embrong Arab in Malang
  • Kampung Empang in Bogor
  • Ampel in Surabaya
  • Sayidan in Yogyakarta
• These settlements were governed by local leaders called kapiten to facilitate oversight by the Dutch government.

Step 4: Cultural Contributions

• The Hadhrami community contributed to commerce and the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia.
• They established various Islamic schools and led significant religious movements.
• Notable Hadhrami figures include those who founded royal families, such as the Kesultanan al-Qadri in Pontianak.

Step 5: Identifying Hadhrami Descendants

• Hadhrami descendants can often be identified by distinct surnames such as:
  • Assegaf
  • al-Aydrus
  • al-Attas
• This naming convention helps trace lineage and cultural heritage.

Step 6: Socioeconomic Impact

• The arrival of Hadhrami immigrants coincided with lower transportation costs and the expansion of colonial capitalism in Indonesia.
• By the mid-19th century, their population in Java and other regions was significant, as evidenced by the 1859 Dutch census reporting 7,786 individuals.

Conclusion

The history of Yemeni immigrants, particularly the Hadhrami community in Indonesia, highlights their significant role in trade, culture, and the Islamic faith. To further explore this topic, consider researching specific cultural practices, contributions to Indonesian society, or the evolution of Kampung Arab in contemporary Indonesia. Understanding this community enriches the overall narrative of Indonesia's diverse heritage.