Entendendo o Leviatã, de Thomas Hobbes (Absolutismo Monárquico)

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive understanding of Thomas Hobbes' theory presented in his work "Leviathan," focusing on the concept of absolute monarchy. It aims to break down Hobbes' ideas into actionable insights, making them easier to grasp and apply.

Step 1: Understand the Historical Context

• Recognize the period during which Hobbes wrote "Leviathan" (mid-17th century).
• Acknowledge the backdrop of the English Civil War, which influenced Hobbes' thoughts on government and society.
• Familiarize yourself with the philosophical landscape of the time, including the rise of empiricism and the decline of feudalism.

Step 2: Explore the Central Ideas of Leviathan

• The Social Contract: Hobbes argues that individuals consent to surrender some freedoms to a sovereign authority in exchange for security.
• State of Nature: Understand Hobbes' view that in the absence of governance, life would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
• Absolute Sovereignty: Learn how Hobbes advocates for a powerful, centralized authority to maintain peace and prevent conflict.

Step 3: Analyze the Concept of Absolute Monarchy

• Definition: Absolute monarchy is a form of government where the monarch holds supreme authority, unrestricted by laws or opposition.
• Hobbes’ Justification: He believed that a strong leader is necessary to enforce laws and maintain order.
• Practical Implications: Consider how absolute power can lead to both stability and tyranny, depending on the ruler's character.

Step 4: Identify Key Quotes and Passages

• Familiarize yourself with significant quotes from "Leviathan" that encapsulate Hobbes' philosophy. For example:

  "The life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
  

• Reflect on how these quotes relate to contemporary discussions about governance and authority.

Step 5: Reflect on Modern Relevance

• Consider how Hobbes' ideas about authority and social contracts apply to modern political systems.
• Analyze current events through the lens of Hobbesian philosophy, noting instances where absolute authority is debated.
• Engage in discussions about the balance between security and personal freedom in today's societies.

Conclusion

Understanding Hobbes' "Leviathan" provides valuable insights into the nature of authority and governance that are still relevant today. By grasping the historical context, central ideas, and implications of absolute monarchy, you can better appreciate the complexities of political theory. Explore further readings on Hobbes and engage in discussions to deepen your understanding of his impact on modern political thought.