Video Animasi – Influenza [sub Indonesia]

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of how influenza spreads and the body's response to the virus. Understanding these processes can help you take preventive measures against the flu and recognize the importance of vaccinations.

Step 1: Understanding Influenza

• Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious illness that affects the nose, throat, and lungs.
• Symptoms include:
  • Fever and chills
  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Dry throat and cough
  • Muscle aches
  • Fatigue

Step 2: How the Virus Spreads

• The influenza virus is microscopic and can only be seen with an electron microscope.
• The virus contains genetic material that enables it to replicate.
• It is transmitted through:
  • Touching contaminated surfaces
  • Direct contact with infected bodily fluids
  • Inhalation of droplets when an infected person speaks, coughs, or sneezes

Step 3: Virus Entry into the Body

• The virus enters through the mouth or nose and reaches the lungs.
• The hemagglutinin (H) proteins on the virus surface are key for entering healthy cells.
• These proteins bind to receptors on the cell membrane, allowing the virus to penetrate the cell.

Step 4: Viral Replication Process

• Once inside a cell, the virus uses its genetic material to hijack the cell's resources:
  • The virus travels in a membrane-bound vesicle to the nucleus.
  • The virus's outer shell merges with the cell membrane, releasing its genetic material.
• The cell's machinery is then used to produce thousands of new virus copies.

Step 5: Release of New Viruses

• Newly formed viruses gather beneath the cell membrane.
• Hemagglutinin helps these viruses attach to the cell surface, but neuraminidase (N) proteins facilitate their release by cutting the bond.
• This process allows new viruses to infect other cells, perpetuating the flu cycle.

Step 6: Treatment and Prevention

• Common antiviral medications include:
  • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) taken orally
  • Zanamivir (Relenza) inhaled
• These medications inhibit the neuraminidase enzyme, preventing new viruses from escaping and infecting other cells.
• Vaccination is the best preventive measure:
  • Annual flu shots contain inactive viruses.
  • Nasal sprays may contain weakened live viruses.

Step 7: Immune Response to Influenza

• Vaccination introduces harmless virus components to stimulate the immune system.
• The body produces antibodies specific to the flu virus, preventing future infections.
• Antibodies can bind to multiple strains, improving protection against various flu types.

Conclusion

Understanding how influenza spreads and how to respond can significantly reduce your risk of infection. Regular vaccinations and awareness of the virus's transmission routes are essential for effective prevention. Stay informed and consider annual flu shots as part of your health routine to enhance your immunity against the flu.