Pertumbuhan dan Pembangunan Ekonomi 1 - Pengertian, Teori, dan Menghitung Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

Introduction

This tutorial provides an overview of economic growth and development concepts as presented in the video "Pertumbuhan dan Pembangunan Ekonomi 1" by Husna Nurdina. It covers definitions, key factors, theoretical frameworks, and methods for calculating economic growth. Understanding these concepts is essential for students of economics and anyone interested in the dynamics of economic systems.

Step 1: Understanding Economic Growth

• Definition: Economic growth refers to the increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over a period. It is usually measured by the rise in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or Gross National Product (GNP).
• Importance: Economic growth is crucial for improving living standards and providing more job opportunities.

Step 2: Identifying Factors That Determine Economic Growth

• Capital Accumulation: Investment in physical capital (e.g., machinery, infrastructure) boosts productivity.
• Labor Force Growth: An increase in the workforce contributes to greater production capacity.
• Technological Advancements: Innovations enhance efficiency and create new products and services.
• Government Policies: Supportive economic policies and regulations can foster growth.
• Natural Resources: Availability of resources can significantly impact a country's growth potential.

Step 3: Exploring Theories of Economic Growth

• Merkantilisme Theory: Emphasizes the importance of trade and accumulation of wealth through a favorable balance of trade.
• Klasik Theory: Focuses on the role of free markets in promoting growth and the idea that supply creates its own demand.
• Neo Klasik Theory: Highlights the importance of technology and capital in economic growth, suggesting that growth is determined by market forces.
• Historis Theory: Acknowledges the role of historical contexts and institutional frameworks in shaping economic growth.

Step 4: Calculating Economic Growth

• Basic Formula: Economic growth can be calculated using the formula:

  Economic Growth Rate = [(GDP in Current Year - GDP in Previous Year) / GDP in Previous Year] * 100
  

• Example Calculation:
  • Assume GDP last year was $1,000,000 and this year it is $1,050,000.
  • Calculation:

    Growth Rate = [(1,050,000 - 1,000,000) / 1,000,000] * 100 = 5%
    

Step 5: Calculating Real National Product (PNB Riil or GNP Riil)

• Understanding PNB/GNP: Real National Product adjusts GDP/GNP for inflation, providing a more accurate measure of economic performance.
• Calculation Method:
  • Use the formula:

  Real GNP = Nominal GNP / (1 + Inflation Rate)
  

• Example Calculation:
  • If Nominal GNP is $1,200,000 and the inflation rate is 3%, then:

  Real GNP = 1,200,000 / (1 + 0.03) = 1,165,048.54
  

Conclusion

This tutorial outlined the fundamental concepts of economic growth and development, including definitions, determining factors, key theories, and calculation methods. Understanding these elements will enhance your grasp of economic dynamics and prepare you for further studies in economics. For continued learning, consider exploring more videos on related topics and practical applications of these theories in real-world scenarios.