Carcinoma Stomach: INTESTINAL VS DIFFUSE GASTRIC CANCER

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the differences between intestinal and diffuse gastric cancer, key types of carcinoma that affect the stomach. Understanding these differences is crucial for medical students, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in pathology. This guide will enumerate the characteristics, histological features, and clinical implications of each type.

Step 1: Understand the Characteristics of Intestinal Gastric Cancer

Intestinal gastric cancer is characterized by:

• Histological Features:

  • Well-defined glandular structures.
  • Presence of intestinal-type cells, often resembling colonic epithelium.

• Risk Factors:

  • Chronic gastritis, often related to Helicobacter pylori infection.
  • Dietary factors, such as high salt intake and low fruit and vegetable consumption.

• Common Locations:

  • Typically found in the distal stomach (antrum).

• Symptoms:

  • Can present with weight loss, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal bleeding.

Step 2: Recognize the Characteristics of Diffuse Gastric Cancer

Diffuse gastric cancer has distinct features that set it apart:

• Histological Features:

  • Signet-ring cell morphology, where cells contain mucin and appear distended.
  • Lack of well-formed glandular structures.

• Risk Factors:

  • Genetic mutations, particularly in the CDH1 gene.
  • Family history of gastric cancer.

• Common Locations:

  • More diffusely spread throughout the stomach, rather than localized.

• Symptoms:

  • Often presents at an advanced stage with symptoms like early satiety, weight loss, and nausea.

Step 3: Compare Prognosis and Treatment Options

It's essential to understand the differing prognoses and treatments for each type:

• Intestinal Gastric Cancer:

  • Generally has a better prognosis compared to diffuse type.
  • Treatment often includes surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation.

• Diffuse Gastric Cancer:

  • Tends to have a poorer prognosis due to its aggressive nature and late diagnosis.
  • Treatment may involve palliative care and limited surgical options.

Step 4: Key Diagnostic Tools

Familiarize yourself with the diagnostic methods used to identify these cancers:

• Endoscopy:

  • Essential for visualizing the stomach lining and obtaining biopsy samples.

• Histopathological Examination:

  • Allows for the differentiation between intestinal and diffuse types based on cellular structure.

• Imaging Studies:

  • CT scans and MRI may be used to assess the extent of disease.

Conclusion

In summary, understanding the differences between intestinal and diffuse gastric cancer is vital for effective diagnosis and treatment. Key takeaways include recognizing distinct histological features, associated risk factors, and treatment options. For further learning, consider exploring more resources on pathology and oncology, and stay updated on recent research developments in gastric cancer.