Gerunds & Infinitives – English Grammar Lessons

Introduction

This tutorial will guide you through the use of gerunds and infinitives in English grammar. Understanding the difference between these two forms helps improve your writing and speaking skills. By the end of this guide, you will be well-equipped to use gerunds and infinitives correctly in sentences.

Step 1: Understanding Gerunds

Gerunds are formed by adding -ing to a verb. They function as nouns in a sentence. Here are some key points about gerunds:

• Usage: Gerunds are often used after certain verbs, prepositions, and as the subject of a sentence.
• Examples:
  • After verbs: "I enjoy swimming."
  • After prepositions: "She is interested in learning."
  • As the subject: "Reading is fun."

Step 2: Understanding Infinitives

Infinitives are formed using "to" followed by the base form of a verb. They can also function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Key points about infinitives include:

• Usage: Infinitives often follow certain verbs or can indicate purpose.
• Examples:
  • After verbs: "I want to travel."
  • To express purpose: "She studies hard to succeed."

Step 3: Key Sentence Patterns

Recognizing common patterns will help you determine when to use gerunds or infinitives:

• Gerund Patterns:

  • Verbs followed by gerunds: "enjoy," "mind," "suggest."
  • Example: "He suggested going to the park."

• Infinitive Patterns:

  • Verbs followed by infinitives: "want," "need," "decide."
  • Example: "She wants to learn French."

Step 4: Rules for Usage

Here are crucial rules to remember when using gerunds and infinitives:

• Use gerunds after:

  • Prepositions: "She is good at drawing."
  • Certain verbs: "I can’t help laughing."

• Use infinitives after:

  • Certain verbs: "I hope to see you soon."
  • Adjectives: "It’s important to study."

• Some verbs can take both gerunds and infinitives, but the meaning may change:

  • Example: "I stopped smoking." (quit) vs. "I stopped to smoke." (pause for a smoke)

Step 5: Practice Exercises

To reinforce your understanding, practice with the following exercises:

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form (gerund or infinitive):

   • I enjoy ______ (swim).
   • She wants ______ (go) to the concert.

2. Rewrite the following sentences using the other form:

   • "I love dancing." (change to infinitive)
   • "He decided to leave." (change to gerund)

Conclusion

Gerunds and infinitives are essential components of English grammar. Remember to follow the patterns and rules outlined in this guide to improve your usage. For practice, try writing your own sentences using both forms. Happy studying!