Reduced Relative Clauses (-ing clause & -ed clause) การลดรูป relative clause/ adjective clause

Introduction

In this tutorial, we will explore how to reduce relative clauses into shorter forms using -ing and -ed clauses. Understanding how to simplify relative clauses can enhance your writing and speaking in English by making sentences more concise and clear. This guide will help you grasp the concepts and applications of reduced relative clauses effectively.

Step 1: Understanding Relative Clauses

• A relative clause, also known as an adjective clause, provides additional information about a noun.
• There are two main types of relative clauses to focus on:
  • Defining relative clauses: specify which person or thing we are talking about.
  • Non-defining relative clauses: add extra information about a noun that is already clear.

Key Points

• Relative clauses often begin with words like "who," "that," or "which."
• Example of a defining relative clause:
  • The book that is on the table is mine.
• Example of a non-defining relative clause:
  • My brother, who lives in New York, is visiting.

Step 2: Transforming to -ing Clauses

• An -ing clause is used to reduce a relative clause when the verb is in the present participle form.
• This reduction is often applicable when the subject of the relative clause is the same as the noun it modifies.

How to Form -ing Clauses

1. Identify the relative clause.
2. Remove the relative pronoun (who, that, which).
3. Change the verb to its present participle form (-ing).

Example

• Original: The woman who is singing is my aunt.
• Reduced: The woman singing is my aunt.

Step 3: Transforming to -ed Clauses

• An -ed clause can be used when the verb is in the past participle form.
• This reduction typically applies when the relative clause describes a completed action related to the noun.

How to Form -ed Clauses

1. Identify the relative clause.
2. Remove the relative pronoun.
3. Change the verb to its past participle form (-ed).

Example

• Original: The car that was stolen was found.
• Reduced: The car stolen was found.

Common Pitfalls

• Ensure that the meaning remains clear when reducing the clause.
• Avoid using -ing or -ed forms that could change the intended meaning of the sentence.
• Check for subject agreement to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Real-World Applications

• Use reduced relative clauses in writing to create more engaging and fluid sentences.
• Incorporate these clauses in spoken English to sound more natural and fluent.

Conclusion

Reducing relative clauses into -ing and -ed forms is a valuable skill that can improve your English communication. By practicing these transformations, you can make your sentences more concise and impactful. Next, consider applying these techniques in your writing and speaking to enhance clarity and fluency. For further learning, explore more about defining and non-defining relative clauses to deepen your understanding.