How Sri Lanka became a Buddhist Country : Complete Story of Buddhism in Sri Lanka

Introduction

This tutorial explores the historical journey of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, detailing its introduction, development, challenges, and revival. Understanding this journey provides insight into the enduring nature of Buddhism in Sri Lanka and its cultural significance.

Step 1: Introduction of Buddhism to Sri Lanka

• Historical Context: Buddhism reached Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BC, following the missionary efforts of Emperor Ashoka of India.
• Key Event: The arrival of Mahinda, Ashoka's son, marked the start of Buddhism's influence on the island.
• Initial Adoption: The local king, Devanampiya Tissa, embraced Buddhism, which facilitated its spread among the populace.

Step 2: Establishment of the Order of Nuns

• Formation: The establishment of the Bhikkhuni Sangha (Order of Nuns) allowed women to participate in Buddhist practices.
• Significance: This marked a progressive step in the inclusion of women in religious life, promoting gender equality within the Buddhist community.

Step 3: Arrival of the Sacred Bodhi Tree

• Key Symbol: The Sacred Bodhi Tree, a sapling from the original tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment, was brought to Sri Lanka.
• Cultural Impact: This tree became a central symbol of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, fostering devotion and pilgrimage.

Step 4: Compilation of the Pali Canon

• Historical Achievement: The Pali Canon, also known as the Tripitaka, was first written down in Sri Lanka.
• Importance: This compilation serves as a foundational text for Theravada Buddhism and codified Buddhist teachings.

Step 5: Contributions of Buddhaghosa and the Visuddhimagga

• Buddhaghosa's Role: He was a pivotal figure in Buddhist scholarship, known for his commentaries on the Pali Canon.
• Visuddhimagga: This text, authored by Buddhaghosa, provides a comprehensive guide to Buddhist meditation and ethical conduct.

Step 6: Challenges During the Colonial Period

• Colonial Impact: European colonial powers, particularly the British, posed significant challenges to Buddhism through suppression and conversion efforts.
• Persecution: Monasteries were destroyed, monks were killed, and lay followers faced persecution, threatening the survival of Buddhism.

Step 7: Revival of Buddhism

• Restoration Efforts: Despite severe challenges, efforts to revive Buddhism began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
• Key Figures: Leaders like Anagarika Dharmapala played a crucial role in the revival, promoting Buddhist education and reform.

Conclusion

Buddhism's journey in Sri Lanka is a testament to its resilience and enduring relevance. From its introduction in the 3rd century BC to its revival in the face of colonial challenges, the story of Buddhism in Sri Lanka reflects a deep cultural heritage. For further exploration, consider studying the Pali Canon or visiting historical Buddhist sites in Sri Lanka to experience this rich tradition firsthand.