BAB 2 | BENTUK DAN KEDAULATAN NEGARA | PANCASILA KELAS 8 | KURIKULUM MERDEKA

Introduction

This tutorial focuses on understanding the concepts of state shapes and sovereignty as outlined in the Pancasila curriculum for Class 8. It aims to clarify these important concepts and their relevance to the formation and identity of a nation.

Step 1: Understanding State Shapes

State shapes refer to the geographical and political outlines of a country. Knowing the different types of state shapes helps in analyzing how geography affects governance and culture.

• Types of State Shapes:

  • Compact: A circular or oval shape, promoting efficient governance (e.g., Poland).
  • Elongated: Long and narrow, which can lead to communication issues (e.g., Chile).
  • Fragmented: Composed of several non-contiguous pieces, often islands (e.g., Indonesia).
  • Perforated: A country that completely surrounds another (e.g., Italy surrounding San Marino).
  • Landlocked: Lacking access to the ocean, which can affect trade (e.g., Switzerland).

• Practical Tip: Analyze the impact of a country’s shape on its economic activities and political stability.

Step 2: Exploring Sovereignty

Sovereignty is the authority of a state to govern itself. Understanding this concept is crucial for recognizing a nation's power and independence.

• Key Aspects of Sovereignty:

  • Internal Sovereignty: The state’s ability to exercise control over its territory and population.
  • External Sovereignty: Recognition by other states and the ability to enter international agreements.

• Common Pitfalls: Confusing sovereignty with power; remember that a state can be sovereign but may not have the military or economic strength to enforce its authority.

Step 3: The Role of Pancasila in State Identity

Pancasila is the foundational philosophical theory of the Indonesian state. It plays a significant role in shaping national identity and governance.

• Core Principles of Pancasila:

  • Belief in One God
  • Just and Civilized Humanity
  • The Unity of Indonesia
  • Democracy Guided by the Inner Wisdom of Deliberation
  • Social Justice for All Indonesians

• Real-World Application: Use the principles of Pancasila to evaluate current national policies and their alignment with state identity.

Step 4: Analyzing the Impact of State Shape and Sovereignty

Understanding how state shape and sovereignty influence each other can provide insights into national security and international relations.

• Discussion Points:

  • How does a fragmented state manage its sovereignty?
  • What challenges do landlocked countries face in maintaining sovereignty?

• Practical Tip: Consider current events and historical examples to illustrate these concepts in action.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we explored the fundamental concepts of state shapes and sovereignty within the context of Pancasila. Understanding these elements is vital for recognizing the complexities of nationhood and governance. As a next step, consider researching specific countries to see how their shapes and sovereignty manifest in their political and social realities.