The History of English Literature, Part 4: The Restoration and 18th Century Literary History

Introduction

This tutorial offers a comprehensive overview of the Restoration and 18th Century literary history in English literature. By exploring key authors, genres, and historical contexts, you will gain a deeper understanding of this influential period, which shaped the literary landscape we know today. Whether for academic study or personal interest, this guide will help you appreciate the significance of this era.

Step 1: Understand the Historical Context

• The Restoration period (1660-1688) followed the English Civil War and the execution of Charles I.
• The monarchy was restored under Charles II, leading to significant changes in society and culture.
• The 18th century, also known as the Age of Enlightenment, emphasized reason, science, and individualism.

Practical Tips:

• Research the political and social changes during the Restoration to better understand the literature of the time.
• Explore how events like the Great Fire of London (1666) influenced the societal backdrop.

Step 2: Explore Key Literary Figures

• John Milton: Known for "Paradise Lost," an epic poem reflecting themes of free will and the human condition.
• Aphra Behn: One of the first professional female writers, known for her play "The Rover" and contributions to the novel.
• Jonathan Swift: Renowned for "Gulliver's Travels," a satirical work critiquing human nature and society.

Practical Tips:

• Read excerpts from their works to appreciate their styles and themes.
• Consider how each author's background influenced their writings.

Step 3: Identify Major Literary Genres

• Restoration Comedy: Characterized by wit and sexual innuendo, often focusing on social manners. Notable works include "The Country Wife" by William Wycherley.
• Satire: Used effectively by writers like Swift and Alexander Pope to critique politics and society.
• The Novel: Gained popularity in the 18th century with authors like Daniel Defoe ("Robinson Crusoe") and Samuel Richardson ("Pamela").

Common Pitfalls to Avoid:

• Overlooking the evolution of genres during this period; each genre reflects societal attitudes and changes.
• Ignoring the distinction between satire and straightforward storytelling.

Step 4: Recognize the Impact of the Enlightenment

• The Enlightenment brought forth ideas of rationality and skepticism towards traditional authority.
• Literature began to reflect these ideals, advocating for social reform and individual rights.

Practical Tips:

• Investigate how Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke influenced literary themes.
• Consider reading philosophical texts from the period alongside literary works for a richer understanding.

Step 5: Analyze the Social Commentary in Literature

• Many works from this period comment on class structure, gender roles, and moral dilemmas.
• Writers used their platforms to challenge societal norms and provoke thought.

Practical Tips:

• Engage with secondary literature that discusses the social implications of these texts.
• Discuss the relevance of these themes in today’s context with peers or in study groups.

Conclusion

The Restoration and 18th Century was a pivotal time for English literature, marked by the emergence of new genres, influential authors, and significant societal changes. By understanding the historical context, exploring key figures, and analyzing the literature of the period, you can appreciate its lasting impact on modern literature. Consider diving deeper into specific authors or genres for further exploration, and don't hesitate to share your insights with others who share your interest in English literature.