Making Very Large Sheets of Paper in China

Introduction

This tutorial explores the fascinating process of making very large sheets of paper, specifically the traditional Chinese xuanzhi paper. Originating from Anhui Province, China, this craft has been perfected over centuries and is renowned for its use in fine calligraphy and ink brush painting. We will break down the steps involved in the paper-making process, highlighting key techniques and tips for creating large sheets.

Step 1: Preparing the Fibers

• Select the right materials: Use high-quality fibers, such as mulberry bark or other suitable plants, known for their strength and flexibility.
• Cook the fibers:
  • Boil the fibers in a solution (often alkaline) to break down the lignin and hemicellulose.
  • This step is crucial for achieving the right texture and purity of the fibers.
• Beat the fibers:
  • Use a wooden mallet or machine to beat the cooked fibers until they become a slurry.
  • Aim for a uniform consistency, which is essential for even sheet formation.

Step 2: Forming the Sheet

• Set up the mold and deckle:
  • Use a large rectangular mold and deckle, which will define the size of your paper.
  • Ensure they are clean and free from any previous residues.
• Pour the slurry:
  • Carefully pour the beaten fiber slurry into the mold.
  • Tilt the mold slightly to help distribute the slurry evenly across the surface.
• Create the sheet:
  • Use a gentle shaking motion to help the fibers settle and interlock, forming a cohesive sheet.
  • This technique is critical for achieving the desired thickness and strength.

Step 3: Pressing the Sheet

• Remove excess water:
  • Lift the mold and allow excess water to drain.
  • You can also use a sponge to extract more water without damaging the sheet.
• Press the sheet:
  • Transfer the wet sheet onto a flat surface or felt for pressing.
  • Use a heavy weight or press to compress the sheet, which helps remove additional moisture and enhances the sheet's structure.

Step 4: Drying the Sheet

• Air dry:
  • Hang the pressed sheet in a well-ventilated area. Ensure it is evenly supported to prevent warping.
  • Depending on humidity, this may take several hours to a few days.
• Final flattening:
  • Once completely dry, use a heavy flat object to further flatten the sheet if necessary.
  • This step ensures the large sheet remains perfectly flat for use.

Conclusion

Making large sheets of xuanzhi paper is a meticulous yet rewarding process that combines traditional techniques with careful craftsmanship. By following these steps, you can create your own large sheets for artistic or practical purposes. Whether for calligraphy or painting, the result is a unique and beautiful medium that reflects centuries of tradition. Consider experimenting with different fibers and techniques to personalize your paper-making experience.