Rarangken Tengah ar, al, um, in | Bahasa Sunda Kelas 6 | Tema 1 Nyalametkeun Mahluk

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide on using the middle affixes -ar-, -al-, -um-, and -in- in the Sundanese language, particularly relevant for sixth-grade students. Understanding these affixes will enhance your grasp of Sundanese vocabulary and grammar, allowing for more effective communication.

Step 1: Understanding Middle Affixes

Middle affixes are added to root words to modify their meanings. Here's a brief overview of the four affixes discussed in the video:

• -ar-: Often used to indicate a process or action related to the root word.
• -al-: Typically denotes a noun form, suggesting a result or state of being.
• -um-: Commonly signifies a subject performing the action of the verb.
• -in-: Generally indicates the completion or result of an action.

Step 2: Using the -ar- Affix

To use the -ar- affix:

1. Identify a root word that can express an action.
2. Attach -ar- to the root word to form a verb indicating the process.

   Example

   • Root: "karya" (work)
   • With Affix: "karyar" (to work)

Tip

: Remember that the resulting word should still relate to the original meaning of the root.

Step 3: Using the -al- Affix

To apply the -al- affix:

1. Start with a root word that can be converted into a noun.
2. Add -al- to create a word that indicates a state or condition.

   Example

   • Root: "sukma" (soul)
   • With Affix: "sukmal" (spiritual essence)

Common Pitfall

: Ensure that the root word is suitable for noun formation; not all words will work.

Step 4: Using the -um- Affix

To utilize the -um- affix:

1. Choose a verb root that implies an action.
2. Attach -um- to indicate that the subject performs the action.

   Example

   • Root: "laku" (to walk)
   • With Affix: "laku" becomes "lumaku" (I walk)

Practical Tip

: This form is often used in active sentences.

Step 5: Using the -in- Affix

To implement the -in- affix:

1. Select a root word that conveys an action.
2. Add -in- to indicate the action is completed or the result is achieved.

   Example

   • Root: "baca" (to read)
   • With Affix: "bacain" (to read it)

Real-World Application

: This form is useful in conveying completed actions, particularly in storytelling.

Conclusion

In summary, understanding and using the middle affixes -ar-, -al-, -um-, and -in- enhances your ability to communicate effectively in Sundanese. Practice by forming new words with these affixes from different root words. As a next step, try creating sentences using the new words you've formed to reinforce your learning.