Video N°136 CIRCUIT HYDRAULIQUE PARTIE 1

Introduction

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide to understanding the principles of reading a hydraulic circuit diagram, as discussed in the video from FmecaT. Hydraulic circuits are essential in various industries for controlling machinery and equipment. By the end of this guide, you will have a foundational understanding of how to interpret hydraulic schematics effectively.

Step 1: Understand Basic Hydraulic Components

Familiarize yourself with the essential components of a hydraulic system, as each plays a critical role in the circuit's operation.

• Pump: Converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, moving fluid through the system.
• Actuator: Converts hydraulic energy back into mechanical energy, usually in the form of cylinders or motors.
• Valves: Control the flow and direction of the hydraulic fluid within the circuit.
• Reservoir: Holds the hydraulic fluid when not in use.
• Hydraulic Fluid: The medium that transmits power throughout the system.

Practical Tips:

• Look for symbols in hydraulic diagrams that represent these components. Familiarizing yourself with these symbols will make it easier to read and understand circuits.

Step 2: Learn Hydraulic Symbols

Hydraulic circuits use standardized symbols to represent components. Understanding these symbols is crucial for interpreting the circuits correctly.

• Pump Symbol: Typically represented by a circle with a line indicating flow direction.
• Cylinder Symbol: Shown as a rectangle with arrows indicating the movement direction.
• Valve Symbols: Can vary significantly; common types include directional control valves and pressure relief valves.

Common Pitfalls:

• Be aware that symbols may differ slightly between standards (like ISO or ANSI), so always refer to the specific legend provided for the circuit you are studying.

Step 3: Analyze a Hydraulic Circuit Diagram

Once you understand the components and their symbols, practice analyzing a complete hydraulic circuit diagram.

1. Identify the flow direction: Follow the arrows to see how the hydraulic fluid moves through the system.
2. Trace the components: Start from the pump and trace through to the actuators, noting the valves and their positions.
3. Understand the control mechanism: Determine how the operator controls the system, whether through manual levers or electronic controls.

Practical Application:

• Create your own simple hydraulic circuit diagram using the symbols learned and test your understanding by explaining it to someone else.

Step 4: Practical Example

To solidify your understanding, let’s consider a simple hydraulic circuit:

• Components: A pump, a directional control valve, and a cylinder.
• Flow Path: The pump sends fluid to the valve, which directs it into the cylinder to extend or retract.

Step-by-Step Walkthrough:

1. Start at the pump: Fluid is pumped into the system.
2. Check the valve position: Determine if the valve is sending fluid to extend or retract the cylinder.
3. Observe the actuator: The cylinder moves based on the fluid's direction and pressure.

Conclusion

Understanding hydraulic circuit diagrams is crucial for anyone working with hydraulic systems. By following these steps, you can develop a solid foundation in reading and interpreting these diagrams. As a next step, consider exploring more complex hydraulic circuits and practicing with real-world scenarios to enhance your skills further.