Norway’s Move to Explore $92B of Deep Sea Minerals | WSJ

Introduction

This tutorial explores Norway's initiative to tap into the vast reserves of deep sea minerals valued at approximately $92 billion. With the increasing demand for minerals like cobalt and rare earth elements, crucial for industries such as electric vehicles (EVs), Norway is positioning itself as a key player in this controversial mining venture. This guide will outline the various aspects of this initiative, including exploration technology, extraction methods, and the geopolitical implications.

Step 1: Understanding Valuable Minerals

• Identify key minerals located between Norway and Greenland:
  • Cobalt
  • Rare earth elements
• Recognize the importance of these minerals in driving multi-billion dollar industries, particularly in renewable energy and technology sectors.

Step 2: Exploring for Minerals

• Learn about the exploration technologies used to locate these minerals:
  • Sonar mapping: Utilized to create detailed underwater topographies.
  • Submersibles and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs): Deployed for deeper exploration and sample collection.
• Understand how these technologies improve the efficiency and accuracy of mineral exploration.

Step 3: Extraction Technologies

• Familiarize yourself with the extraction methods being considered:
  • Seafloor mining: Involves collecting minerals directly from the ocean floor.
  • Hydrothermal vent mining: Targets mineral deposits formed by volcanic activity on the seabed.
• Consider the environmental implications of these extraction methods and the balance between economic gain and ecological preservation.

Step 4: Continental Shelf and Resource Rights

• Explore Norway’s continental shelf:
  • Define the continental shelf: The submerged border of a continent, rich in resources.
  • Understand Norway’s rights to explore and extract resources from its continental shelf.
• Research international laws governing deep-sea mining, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

Step 5: Geopolitical Landscape

• Analyze the geopolitical significance of Norway's mineral exploration:
  • China’s dominance in the supply chain for these minerals and the potential for Norway to counteract this influence.
  • The role the U.S. plays in monitoring these developments due to strategic interests.
• Discuss potential partnerships or conflicts that may arise with other countries involved in deep-sea mining.

Step 6: Legislation and Public Response

• Investigate the legislative framework surrounding deep-sea mining in Norway:
  • Current laws and regulations that govern mineral exploration and extraction.
  • Public backlash and environmental concerns regarding deep-sea mining operations.
• Encourage engagement with local communities and stakeholders to address concerns and promote sustainable practices.

Conclusion

Norway's move to explore deep sea minerals presents significant opportunities and challenges. By understanding the technologies involved, geopolitical dynamics, and legislative landscape, stakeholders can navigate this complex environment. As the demand for critical minerals continues to rise, it is essential to balance economic aspirations with environmental stewardship and community engagement. For next steps, consider following ongoing developments in legislation and technology, and engage in discussions surrounding sustainable practices in deep-sea mining.