Mengapa Orde Lama Runtuh & Orde Baru Berkuasa? | Sejarah Krisis Indonesia #3

Introduction

This tutorial explores the historical context surrounding the collapse of President Sukarno's administration and the rise of Suharto in Indonesia during the economic crisis from 1961 to 1965. Understanding this pivotal moment in Indonesian history provides insight into the economic and political transformations that shaped modern Indonesia.

Step 1: Understand the Economic Crisis of 1961-1965

• Background: The economic crisis in Indonesia during this period was marked by hyperinflation, food shortages, and widespread poverty.
• Key Factors:
  • Poor economic management under Sukarno.
  • Increased military spending.
  • Political instability and rising tensions within the country.

Practical Advice

• Study the economic policies implemented by Sukarno and their impacts.
• Analyze the role of external factors, such as geopolitical tensions during the Cold War, on Indonesia's economy.

Step 2: Examine the Political Landscape

• Key Events:
  • The struggle between the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and the military.
  • The 1965 coup attempt, which was a crucial turning point.

Practical Advice

• Investigate how these political dynamics influenced public opinion and Sukarno’s popularity.
• Consider the implications of the military's growing power in Indonesian politics.

Step 3: Analyze the Transition of Power to Suharto

• Coup d'État: In 1965, Suharto led a coup that resulted in the ousting of Sukarno.
• Aftermath:
  • Implementation of the New Order regime.
  • Economic policies aimed at stabilizing the crisis, including international loans and foreign investment.

Practical Advice

• Explore how Suharto’s approach differed from Sukarno’s in terms of governance and economic strategy.
• Review the long-term effects of Suharto's regime on Indonesia's economy and society.

Step 4: Evaluate Economic Recovery Strategies

• Policies Implemented by Suharto:
  • Fiscal austerity measures.
  • Opening Indonesia to foreign investment.
  • Agricultural reforms to boost food production.

Practical Advice

• Research the short and long-term impacts of these policies on Indonesia's economy.
• Assess how these strategies contributed to economic growth in the following decades.

Conclusion

The transition from Sukarno to Suharto marked a significant shift in Indonesia's political and economic landscape. By understanding the causes and effects of the 1961-1965 crisis, one gains valuable insights into the complexities of governance and economic management. For those interested in further exploring this topic, consider reviewing additional resources or documentaries that delve deeper into this era of Indonesian history.