Unique English lesson 9/ the 12 modals explained

Introduction

This tutorial aims to explain the 12 modals in the English language, which are essential for expressing ability, possibility, permission, and obligation. Understanding these modals will enhance your communication skills and help you convey your thoughts more accurately in both spoken and written English.

Step 1: Understanding Modals

Modals are auxiliary verbs that indicate modality—how likely or necessary something is. Here are the primary modals you should know:

• Can
• Could
• May
• Might
• Must
• Shall
• Should
• Will
• Would
• Ought to
• Need to
• Used to

Practical Tip

Remember that modals do not change form according to the subject. For example, you say "He can," not "He cans."

Step 2: Expressing Ability

• Can: Used to express ability or possibility.
  • Example: "I can swim."
• Could: Past ability or polite requests.
  • Example: "I could swim when I was younger."

Common Pitfall

Avoid using "can" for past abilities; use "could" instead.

Step 3: Expressing Permission

• May: Formal permission.
  • Example: "May I leave early?"
• Might: Less formal permission or possibility.
  • Example: "You might go out if you finish your homework."

Practical Tip

Use "may" for situations requiring more formality, especially in writing.

Step 4: Expressing Obligation

• Must: Strong obligation.
  • Example: "You must finish your assignment."
• Should: Suggestion or weaker obligation.
  • Example: "You should try to exercise more."

Common Pitfall

Overusing "must" can sound too forceful; consider using "should" for softer suggestions.

Step 5: Expressing Future Intentions

• Will: Used for future actions or promises.
  • Example: "I will call you tomorrow."
• Shall: More formal and often used in questions.
  • Example: "Shall we dance?"

Practical Tip

In everyday conversation, "will" is more commonly used than "shall."

Step 6: Expressing Possibility

• May and Might: Indicate a possibility.
  • Example: "It may rain tomorrow."
  • Example: "I might go to the party."

Common Pitfall

Using "may" and "might" interchangeably can confuse meaning; "may" implies a stronger possibility than "might."

Step 7: Expressing Advice or Recommendations

• Should: Advice or recommendations.
  • Example: "You should see a doctor."
• Ought to: Similar to "should," but slightly more formal.
  • Example: "You ought to apologize."

Practical Tip

When giving advice, consider the level of formality required by your audience.

Conclusion

Understanding and using the 12 modals effectively can greatly enhance your English communication skills. Remember to practice these modals in different contexts to become more comfortable with their meanings and applications. As a next step, try creating sentences using each modal to reinforce your understanding.