Apprendre Python Pour débutant - Formation complète - 2024

Introduction

This tutorial is designed for beginners eager to learn Python programming. It covers essential concepts and practical skills, enabling you to create your own projects. By following these steps, you'll set up your Python environment and grasp fundamental programming concepts to advance your skills.

Step 1: Install Python and PyCharm

To start coding in Python, you need to install Python and an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like PyCharm.

1. Download Python

   • Visit the official Python website: python.org
   • Download the latest version compatible with your operating system.
   • Run the installer and make sure to check the box that says "Add Python to PATH."

2. Install PyCharm

   • Go to the official JetBrains website: jetbrains.com/pycharm
   • Download the Community version (free).
   • Follow the installation instructions specific to your operating system.

Step 2: Create Your First Python Application

Once your environment is set up, you can create your first Python application.

1. Open PyCharm

   • Launch PyCharm and select "New Project."
   • Choose a location for your project and click "Create."

2. Write Your First Code

   • Open the main Python file (usually main.py).
   • Type the following code to print "Hello, World!":

     print("Hello, World!")
     

   • Run the code by clicking the green play button.

Step 3: Learn About Variables

Understanding variables is crucial in programming.

• Define a Variable

  name = "Alice"
  age = 30
  

• Print Variables

  print(name)
  print(age)
  

Step 4: Explore Built-in String Methods

Python offers various methods to manipulate strings.

• Example of String Methods

  greeting = "Hello, World!"
  print(greeting.lower())  # Converts to lowercase
  print(greeting.upper())  # Converts to uppercase
  

Step 5: Variable Type Conversion

Learn how to convert between different data types.

• Convert String to Integer

  age_str = "30"
  age_int = int(age_str)
  

Step 6: Use the Input Function

Interacting with users is vital for many applications.

• Get User Input

  user_name = input("What is your name? ")
  print("Hello, " + user_name)
  

Step 7: Understand Indexing and Slicing

Manipulating strings using indexing and slicing helps in data management.

• Indexing Example

  my_string = "Python"
  print(my_string[0])  # Prints 'P'
  

• Slicing Example

  print(my_string[1:4])  # Prints 'yth'
  

Step 8: Conditional Statements

Control the flow of your program using conditions.

• If, Else, and Elif Structure

  if age < 18:
      print("You are a minor.")
  elif age >= 18:
      print("You are an adult.")
  

Step 9: Loops in Python

Loops allow you to execute a block of code multiple times.

1. For Loop Example

   for i in range(5):
       print(i)  # Prints numbers 0 to 4
   

2. While Loop Example

   count = 0
   while count < 5:
       print(count)
       count += 1
   

Step 10: Control Flow with Break, Continue, and Pass

These statements help manage loop behavior.

• Break Example

  for i in range(10):
      if i == 5:
          break
      print(i)
  

• Continue Example

  for i in range(5):
      if i == 2:
          continue
      print(i)
  

Step 11: Introduction to Data Structures

Familiarize yourself with tuples, lists, sets, and dictionaries.

• Tuples

  my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
  

• Lists

  my_list = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
  

• Sets

  my_set = {1, 2, 3}
  

• Dictionaries

  my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}
  

Step 12: Functions in Python

Learn how to define and use functions.

• Function Definition

  def greet(name):
      return "Hello, " + name
  

Step 13: Handle Errors

Error handling is essential for robust applications.

• Try and Except Block

  try:
      number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
  except ValueError:
      print("That's not a valid number.")
  

Conclusion

By following these steps, you have laid a solid foundation in Python programming. You learned to set up your development environment, create simple applications, and understand key programming concepts. As a next step, consider exploring more advanced topics or working on personal projects to further enhance your skills. Happy coding!