Pemeriksaan Fisik Kulit - dr. Wahyu Lestari, Sp.KK

Introduction

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide on conducting a physical examination of the skin, as presented by Dr. Wahyu Lestari, a dermatologist. Understanding how to assess skin conditions is crucial for healthcare professionals and can help in diagnosing various skin issues effectively.

Step 1: Prepare for the Examination

• Ensure you have the necessary tools ready, such as:
  • A good light source (e.g., otoscope or penlight)
  • Magnifying glass or dermatoscope for detailed examination
  • Gloves to maintain hygiene
• Create a comfortable environment for the patient to promote relaxation.
• Explain the procedure to the patient to gain their trust and cooperation.

Step 2: Conduct a Systematic Inspection

• Start with a general survey of the skin:
  • Look for any abnormalities in color, texture, and integrity.
  • Check for lesions, rashes, or any signs of infection.
• Use a head-to-toe approach to ensure no area is overlooked:
  • Examine the scalp, face, neck, torso, arms, and legs.
  • Pay special attention to areas often exposed to sunlight.

Step 3: Palpation of Skin

• Assess the texture and temperature of the skin:
  • Use the back of your hand to check for temperature differences.
  • Feel for any irregularities, such as nodules or swellings.
• Note characteristics such as:
  • Moisture levels (dry or oily)
  • Turgor (elasticity)
  • Thickness of the skin

Step 4: Document Findings

• Record your observations systematically:
  • Describe the size, shape, and color of any lesions.
  • Note the distribution pattern (localized or generalized).
• Use standard medical terminology for clarity.
• Photographic documentation can be beneficial for future reference and tracking changes.

Step 5: Educate the Patient

• After the examination, provide feedback to the patient:
  • Discuss your findings in an understandable manner.
  • Explain any potential diagnoses and recommend further tests if necessary.
• Offer advice on skin care practices and preventive measures.

Conclusion

Conducting a thorough physical examination of the skin requires careful observation and systematic techniques. By preparing adequately, inspecting and palpating the skin diligently, documenting findings accurately, and educating patients, healthcare professionals can enhance their diagnostic skills. This guide serves as a foundational approach to skin examinations, aiding in the identification of skin conditions and promoting better patient outcomes. Consider practicing these steps regularly to improve your proficiency in skin assessments.