What is Theory? What is Theoretical Framework in Research? Developing Framework with Examples

Introduction

This tutorial aims to clarify the concepts of theory and theoretical frameworks in research. Understanding these elements is crucial for developing a solid foundation for your research projects. We will explore definitions, their significance, and practical steps to create a theoretical framework, complete with examples.

Step 1: Understanding Theory

• Definition of Theory: A theory is a systematic explanation of an event or phenomenon. It provides a framework for understanding complex issues.
• Importance of Theory: Theories help to guide research by:
  • Offering insights into relationships between variables.
  • Helping to formulate hypotheses.
  • Providing a basis for interpreting results.

Step 2: Defining Theoretical Framework

• What is a Theoretical Framework?: A theoretical framework is a collection of interrelated concepts that guide research by providing a structure for the study.
• Purpose of Theoretical Framework:
  • Clarifies the research problem.
  • Justifies the research approach.
  • Shapes the methodology and analysis.

Step 3: Developing a Theoretical Framework

1. Identify Variables:

   • Determine the key variables in your research.
   • Classify them as independent, dependent, and moderating variables.

2. Select Relevant Theories:

   • Research existing theories related to your topic.
   • Choose theories that align with your research objectives.

3. Construct the Framework:

   • Create a visual representation (e.g., a diagram) illustrating the relationships between the variables and theories.
   • Ensure clarity in how each component interacts within your study.

4. Review and Revise:

   • Validate your framework with existing literature.
   • Make adjustments based on feedback from peers or advisors.

Step 4: Examples of Theoretical Frameworks

• Example 1: Social Learning Theory:

  • Focuses on how individuals learn behaviors through observation.
  • Applicable in studies on behavior change and education.

• Example 2: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:

  • Illustrates human motivation through a tiered structure of needs.
  • Useful in psychology and consumer behavior research.

Conclusion

In summary, a well-defined theory and theoretical framework are essential for effective research. Start by understanding the concepts, then systematically develop a framework that aligns with your research goals. Utilize existing theories to strengthen your study and ensure a solid foundation for your research findings. As a next step, consider reviewing relevant literature to refine your theoretical framework further.