FWI: DEFORESTASI TANPA HENTI DI INDONESIA

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the ongoing deforestation issues in Indonesia, highlighting its causes, effects, and the government's commitment to reducing carbon emissions. Understanding these aspects is crucial for anyone interested in environmental conservation and sustainability efforts in Indonesia.

Step 1: Understand the Background of Deforestation in Indonesia

• Indonesia is the sixth-largest contributor to carbon emissions globally.
• The government acknowledged this issue and implemented Regulation No. 61/2011, which outlines a national action plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from 2010 to 2020.
• Key commitments include:
  • Aiming for a 29% reduction in emissions independently.
  • Targeting a 41% reduction with international cooperation by 2030.

Step 2: Analyze Historical Deforestation Data

• Deforestation rates have shown a concerning trend over the years:
  • 1996-2000: 2 million hectares per year.
  • 2001-2010: 1.5 million hectares per year.
  • 2009-2013: 1.1 million hectares per year.
• Recent data from 2013-2016 indicates a deforestation rate of around 240,000 hectares annually in just three provinces: North Sumatra, East Kalimantan, and North Maluku.

Step 3: Identify Direct Causes of Deforestation

• The majority (72%) of deforestation occurs within areas that have been granted management permits, including:
  • Logging concessions (HPH)
  • Industrial timber plantations (HTI)
  • Palm oil plantations
  • Mining activities
• Notably, deforestation rates have significantly increased in North Maluku and East Kalimantan, with North Maluku's rate more than doubling.

Step 4: Assess the Impact on Local Communities and Environment

• Over 50% of land in the affected provinces is controlled by concession holders, while only 4% is managed by local communities through social forestry and customary forests.
• Deforestation and forest degradation have led to severe environmental consequences:
  • Increased flooding and landslides.
  • Droughts.
  • Loss of protected wildlife habitats.

Step 5: Recognize Government and Community Responsibilities

• The Indonesian government's commitment is essential for addressing deforestation and environmental degradation.
• There needs to be a balance between economic development and environmental protection.
• The involvement of local communities in forest management is crucial for sustainable practices.

Conclusion

Deforestation in Indonesia poses significant challenges both environmentally and socially. By understanding the historical context, direct causes, and implications of deforestation, stakeholders can better address these issues. Moving forward, it is essential for the government, businesses, and communities to collaborate in implementing sustainable practices to protect Indonesia's forests and reduce carbon emissions effectively.