kurs podstaw Pythona w godzinę

Introduction

This tutorial will guide you through the basics of Python programming in just one hour. Based on a video tutorial, we'll cover essential concepts such as installation, variable handling, control structures, and data types. Whether you're a beginner or looking to refresh your knowledge, this guide will provide clear, actionable steps to get you started with Python.

Step 1: Installation

• Download Python from the official website python.org.
• Follow the installation instructions for your operating system (Windows, macOS, or Linux).
• Ensure that you check the option to add Python to your system PATH during installation.

Step 2: Choosing an Environment

• Select an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) or text editor. Popular options include:
  • PyCharm
  • Visual Studio Code
  • Jupyter Notebook
• Install your chosen IDE and familiarize yourself with its basic features.

Step 3: Using Print Function

• Start by using the print() function to display messages.
• Example:

  print("Hello, World!")
  

• This function outputs the specified string to the console.

Step 4: Understanding Variables

• Declare variables to store data. Python uses dynamic typing, so you don’t need to declare the variable type explicitly.
• Example:

  name = "Alice"
  age = 30
  

• Remember that variable names should be descriptive and adhere to naming conventions (no spaces, start with a letter).

Step 5: Using If Statements

• Control program flow with if statements to execute code based on conditions.
• Example:

  if age >= 18:
      print("You are an adult.")
  else:
      print("You are a minor.")
  

• Indentation is crucial in Python as it defines the blocks of code.

Step 6: Implementing Loops

• Use loops to repeat actions. The two main types are for and while loops.
• Example of a for loop:

  for i in range(5):
      print(i)
  

• Example of a while loop:

  count = 0
  while count < 5:
      print(count)
      count += 1
  

Step 7: Working with Lists

• Lists are ordered collections that can hold multiple items.
• Example:

  fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
  print(fruits[1])  # Outputs: banana
  

• Utilize methods like append() to add items and remove() to delete them.

Step 8: Introduction to Sets

• Sets are unordered collections of unique items.
• Example:

  my_set = {1, 2, 3, 2}
  print(my_set)  # Outputs: {1, 2, 3}
  

Step 9: Understanding Dictionaries

• Dictionaries store key-value pairs for quick data retrieval.
• Example:

  person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}
  print(person["name"])  # Outputs: Alice
  

Step 10: Working with Strings

• Strings are used to represent text. You can concatenate and manipulate them.
• Example:

  greeting = "Hello, " + person["name"]
  print(greeting)  # Outputs: Hello, Alice
  

Step 11: File Handling

• Read from and write to files using built-in functions.
• Example of writing to a file:

  with open("output.txt", "w") as file:
      file.write("Hello, World!")
  

• Example of reading from a file:

  with open("output.txt", "r") as file:
      content = file.read()
  print(content)
  

Step 12: Creating Functions

• Define functions to encapsulate reusable code.
• Example:

  def greet(name):
      return "Hello, " + name
  print(greet("Alice"))  # Outputs: Hello, Alice
  

Step 13: Exploring Built-in Functions

• Familiarize yourself with useful built-in functions like len(), type(), and range().
• Example:

  print(len(fruits))  # Outputs the number of items in the list
  

Conclusion

This tutorial has covered the foundational elements of Python programming, including installation, basic syntax, data structures, control flow, and functions. To deepen your understanding, practice writing small scripts and explore more advanced topics. Happy coding!