HUKUM LAUT, GARIS PANGKAL & ZONA MARITIM

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide on the concepts of maritime law, baseline lines, and maritime zones as discussed in the video "HUKUM LAUT, GARIS PANGKAL & ZONA MARITIM" by I Made Andi Arsana. Understanding these principles is crucial for professionals in geodesy and maritime studies, as they define territorial waters and influence international maritime relations.

Step 1: Understanding Maritime Law

• Definition: Maritime law governs the rights and responsibilities of states regarding the use of oceans and seas.
• Importance: It regulates shipping, navigation, and marine resources, ensuring safe and fair practices.
• Key Concepts:
  • Territorial Waters: Waters up to 12 nautical miles from a baseline where a state has sovereignty.
  • Contiguous Zone: Extends 12 to 24 nautical miles from the baseline, allowing for enforcement of laws.
  • Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): Extends 200 nautical miles from the baseline, granting rights to explore and exploit marine resources.

Step 2: Defining the Baseline

• Baseline Concept: The baseline is the line from which the breadth of territorial waters is measured.
• Types of Baselines:
  • Normal Baseline: Generally follows the low-water line along the coast.
  • Straight Baseline: Used for coastal states with complex geography, drawn between specified points.

Practical Application

• Identify the appropriate baseline based on the coastal configuration of a region.
• Understand that baselines can significantly affect the extent of territorial waters and EEZ rights.

Step 3: Exploring Maritime Zones

• Territorial Sea:
  • Extends from the baseline to 12 nautical miles.
  • The state has full sovereignty.
• Contiguous Zone:
  • Extends from 12 to 24 nautical miles.
  • Allows for enforcement of customs, immigration, and sanitation laws.
• Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ):
  • Extends from 24 to 200 nautical miles.
  • The state has exclusive rights to natural resources but must allow free navigation.
• Continental Shelf:
  • May extend beyond 200 nautical miles depending on the geological characteristics.
  • States can claim rights to resources on the seabed.

Step 4: Implications of Maritime Law

• Understand the balance between national interests and international obligations.
• Recognize the importance of clear demarcation of zones to avoid conflicts.
• Consider the role of international treaties, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), in resolving disputes.

Conclusion

This tutorial has outlined the foundational concepts of maritime law, the significance of baselines, and the various maritime zones. Understanding these principles is essential for anyone involved in maritime activities or studies. To further enhance your understanding, consider exploring international treaties and current maritime disputes to see these concepts in action.